作者归档：beiyu

HarmonyOS动画

属性动画

animateTo

animateTo(value: AnimateParam, event: () => void): void

1	animateTo(value: AnimateParam, event: () => void): void

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@Entry
@Component
struct AnimateToDemo {
  @State animate: boolean = false;
  // 第一步: 声明相关状态变量
  @State rotateValue: number = 0; // 组件一旋转角度
  @State translateX: number = 0; // 组件二偏移量
  @State opacityValue: number = 1; // 组件二透明度

  // 第二步：将状态变量设置到相关可动画属性接口
  build() {
    Row() {
      // 组件一
      Column() {
      }
      .rotate({ angle: this.rotateValue })
      .backgroundColor('#317AF7')
      .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
      .width(100)
      .height(100)
      .borderRadius(30)
      .onClick(() => {
        this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({ curve: curves.springMotion() }, () => {
          this.animate = !this.animate;
          // 第三步：闭包内通过状态变量改变UI界面
          // 这里可以写任何能改变UI的逻辑比如数组添加，显隐控制，系统会检测改变后的UI界面与之前的UI界面的差异，对有差异的部分添加动画
          // 组件一的rotate属性发生变化，所以会给组件一添加rotate旋转动画
          this.rotateValue = this.animate ? 90 : 0;
          // 组件二的透明度发生变化，所以会给组件二添加透明度的动画
          this.opacityValue = this.animate ? 0.6 : 1;
          // 组件二的translate属性发生变化，所以会给组件二添加translate偏移动画
          this.translateX = this.animate ? 50 : 0;
        })
      })

      // 组件二
      Column() {

      }
      .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
      .width(100)
      .height(100)
      .backgroundColor('#D94838')
      .borderRadius(30)
      .opacity(this.opacityValue)
      .translate({ x: this.translateX })
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
  }
}

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@Entry

@Component

struct AnimateToDemo {

@State animate: boolean = false;

// 第一步: 声明相关状态变量

@State rotateValue: number = 0; // 组件一旋转角度

@State translateX: number = 0; // 组件二偏移量

@State opacityValue: number = 1; // 组件二透明度

// 第二步：将状态变量设置到相关可动画属性接口

build() {

Row() {

// 组件一

Column() {

}

.rotate({ angle: this.rotateValue })

.backgroundColor('#317AF7')

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.width(100)

.height(100)

.borderRadius(30)

.onClick(() => {

this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({ curve: curves.springMotion() }, () => {

this.animate = !this.animate;

// 第三步：闭包内通过状态变量改变UI界面

// 这里可以写任何能改变UI的逻辑比如数组添加，显隐控制，系统会检测改变后的UI界面与之前的UI界面的差异，对有差异的部分添加动画

// 组件一的rotate属性发生变化，所以会给组件一添加rotate旋转动画

this.rotateValue = this.animate ? 90 : 0;

// 组件二的透明度发生变化，所以会给组件二添加透明度的动画

this.opacityValue = this.animate ? 0.6 : 1;

// 组件二的translate属性发生变化，所以会给组件二添加translate偏移动画

this.translateX = this.animate ? 50 : 0;

})

// 组件二

Column() {

}

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.width(100)

.height(100)

.backgroundColor('#D94838')

.borderRadius(30)

.opacity(this.opacityValue)

.translate({ x: this.translateX })

}

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

}

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI'

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  @State animate: boolean = false
  @State rotateValue: number = 0
  @State translateX: number = 0
  @State opacityValue: number = 1

  build() {
    Column() {
      Row()
        .width(100)
        .height(100)
        .borderRadius(30)
        .backgroundColor('#317AF7')
        .rotate({ angle: this.rotateValue })
        .onClick(() => {
          this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({ curve: curves.springMotion() }, () => {
            this.animate = !this.animate
            this.rotateValue = this.animate ? 90 : 0
            this.translateX = this.animate ? 50 : 0
            this.opacityValue = this.animate ? 0.6 : 1
          })
        })

      Row()
        .width(100)
        .height(100)
        .borderRadius(30)
        .backgroundColor('#D94838')
        .opacity(this.opacityValue)
        .translate({ x: this.translateX })
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
  }
}

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI'

@Entry

@Component

struct Index {

@State animate: boolean = false

@State rotateValue: number = 0

@State translateX: number = 0

@State opacityValue: number = 1

build() {

Column() {

Row()

.width(100)

.height(100)

.borderRadius(30)

.backgroundColor('#317AF7')

.rotate({ angle: this.rotateValue })

.onClick(() => {

this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({ curve: curves.springMotion() }, () => {

this.animate = !this.animate

this.rotateValue = this.animate ? 90 : 0

this.translateX = this.animate ? 50 : 0

this.opacityValue = this.animate ? 0.6 : 1

})

Row()

.width(100)

.height(100)

.borderRadius(30)

.backgroundColor('#D94838')

.opacity(this.opacityValue)

.translate({ x: this.translateX })

}

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

}

animation

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@Entry
@Component
struct AnimationDemo {
  @State animate: boolean = false;
  // 第一步: 声明相关状态变量
  @State rotateValue: number = 0; // 组件一旋转角度
  @State translateX: number = 0; // 组件二偏移量
  @State opacityValue: number = 1; // 组件二透明度

  // 第二步：将状态变量设置到相关可动画属性接口
  build() {
    Row() {
      // 组件一
      Column() {
      }
      .opacity(this.opacityValue)
      .rotate({ angle: this.rotateValue })
      // 第三步：通过属性动画接口开启属性动画
      .animation({ curve: curves.springMotion() })
      .backgroundColor('#317AF7')
      .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
      .width(100)
      .height(100)
      .borderRadius(30)
      .onClick(() => {
        this.animate = !this.animate;
        // 第四步：闭包内通过状态变量改变UI界面
        // 这里可以写任何能改变UI的逻辑比如数组添加，显隐控制，系统会检测改变后的UI界面与之前的UI界面的差异，对有差异的部分添加动画
        // 组件一的rotate属性发生变化，所以会给组件一添加rotate旋转动画
        this.rotateValue = this.animate ? 90 : 0;
        // 组件二的translate属性发生变化，所以会给组件二添加translate偏移动画
        this.translateX = this.animate ? 50 : 0;
        // 父组件column的opacity属性有变化，会导致其子节点的透明度也变化，所以这里会给column和其子节点的透明度属性都加动画
        this.opacityValue = this.animate ? 0.6 : 1;
      })

      // 组件二
      Column() {
      }
      .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
      .width(100)
      .height(100)
      .backgroundColor('#D94838')
      .borderRadius(30)
      .opacity(this.opacityValue)
      .translate({ x: this.translateX })
      .animation({ curve: curves.springMotion() })
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
  }
}

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@Entry

@Component

struct AnimationDemo {

@State animate: boolean = false;

// 第一步: 声明相关状态变量

@State rotateValue: number = 0; // 组件一旋转角度

@State translateX: number = 0; // 组件二偏移量

@State opacityValue: number = 1; // 组件二透明度

// 第二步：将状态变量设置到相关可动画属性接口

build() {

Row() {

// 组件一

Column() {

}

.opacity(this.opacityValue)

.rotate({ angle: this.rotateValue })

// 第三步：通过属性动画接口开启属性动画

.animation({ curve: curves.springMotion() })

.backgroundColor('#317AF7')

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.width(100)

.height(100)

.borderRadius(30)

.onClick(() => {

this.animate = !this.animate;

// 第四步：闭包内通过状态变量改变UI界面

// 这里可以写任何能改变UI的逻辑比如数组添加，显隐控制，系统会检测改变后的UI界面与之前的UI界面的差异，对有差异的部分添加动画

// 组件一的rotate属性发生变化，所以会给组件一添加rotate旋转动画

this.rotateValue = this.animate ? 90 : 0;

// 组件二的translate属性发生变化，所以会给组件二添加translate偏移动画

this.translateX = this.animate ? 50 : 0;

// 父组件column的opacity属性有变化，会导致其子节点的透明度也变化，所以这里会给column和其子节点的透明度属性都加动画

this.opacityValue = this.animate ? 0.6 : 1;

})

// 组件二

Column() {

}

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.width(100)

.height(100)

.backgroundColor('#D94838')

.borderRadius(30)

.opacity(this.opacityValue)

.translate({ x: this.translateX })

.animation({ curve: curves.springMotion() })

}

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

}

自定义属性动画

@AnimatableExtend

// 第一步：使用@AnimatableExtend装饰器，自定义可动画属性接口
@AnimatableExtend(Text)
function animatableWidth(width: number) {
  .width(width) // 调用系统属性接口，逐帧回调函数每帧修改可动画属性的值，实现逐帧布局的效果。
}

@Entry
@Component
struct AnimatablePropertyExample {
  @State textWidth: number = 80;

  build() {
    Column() {
      Text("AnimatableProperty")
        .animatableWidth(this.textWidth)// 第二步：将自定义可动画属性接口设置到组件上
        .animation({ duration: 2000, curve: Curve.Ease }) // 第三步:为自定义可动画属性接口绑定动画

      Button("Play")
        .onClick(() => {
          this.textWidth = this.textWidth == 80 ? 160 : 80; // 第四步：改变自定义可动画属性的参数，产生动画
        })
    }
    .width("100%")
    .height('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
    .padding(10)
  }
}

// 第一步：使用@AnimatableExtend装饰器，自定义可动画属性接口

@AnimatableExtend(Text)

function animatableWidth(width: number) {

.width(width) // 调用系统属性接口，逐帧回调函数每帧修改可动画属性的值，实现逐帧布局的效果。

}

@Entry

@Component

struct AnimatablePropertyExample {

@State textWidth: number = 80;

build() {

Column() {

Text("AnimatableProperty")

.animatableWidth(this.textWidth)// 第二步：将自定义可动画属性接口设置到组件上

.animation({ duration: 2000, curve: Curve.Ease }) // 第三步:为自定义可动画属性接口绑定动画

Button("Play")

.onClick(() => {

this.textWidth = this.textWidth == 80 ? 160 : 80; // 第四步：改变自定义可动画属性的参数，产生动画

})

}

.width("100%")

.height('100%')

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.padding(10)

}

declare type Point = number[];

// 定义可动画属性接口的参数类型，实现AnimatableArithmetic<T>接口中加法、减法、乘法和判断相等函数
class PointClass extends Array<number> {
  constructor(value: Point) {
    super(value[0], value[1])
  }

  add(rhs: PointClass): PointClass {
    let result: Point = new Array<number>() as Point;
    for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
      result.push(rhs[i] + this[i])
    }
    return new PointClass(result);
  }

  subtract(rhs: PointClass): PointClass {
    let result: Point = new Array<number>() as Point;
    for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
      result.push(this[i] - rhs[i]);
    }
    return new PointClass(result);
  }

  multiply(scale: number): PointClass {
    let result: Point = new Array<number>() as Point;
    for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
      result.push(this[i] * scale)
    }
    return new PointClass(result);
  }
}

// 定义可动画属性接口的参数类型，实现AnimatableArithmetic<T>接口中加法、减法、乘法和判断相等函数
// 模板T支持嵌套实现AnimatableArithmetic<T>的类型
class PointVector extends Array<PointClass> implements AnimatableArithmetic<Array<Point>> {
  constructor(initialValue: Array<Point>) {
    super();
    if (initialValue.length) {
      initialValue.forEach((p: Point) => this.push(new PointClass(p)))
    }
  }

  // implement the IAnimatableArithmetic interface
  plus(rhs: PointVector): PointVector {
    let result = new PointVector([]);
    const len = Math.min(this.length, rhs.length)
    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      result.push(this[i].add(rhs[i]))
    }
    return result;
  }

  subtract(rhs: PointVector): PointVector {
    let result = new PointVector([]);
    const len = Math.min(this.length, rhs.length)
    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
      result.push(this[i].subtract(rhs[i]))
    }
    return result;
  }

  multiply(scale: number): PointVector {
    let result = new PointVector([]);
    for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
      result.push(this[i].multiply(scale))
    }
    return result;
  }

  equals(rhs: PointVector): boolean {
    if (this.length !== rhs.length) {
      return false;
    }
    for (let index = 0, size = this.length; index < size; ++index) {
      if (this[index][0] !== rhs[index][0] || this[index][1] !== rhs[index][1]) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }
}

// 自定义可动画属性接口
@AnimatableExtend(Polyline)
function animatablePoints(points: PointVector) {
  .points(points)
}

@Entry
@Component
struct AnimatedShape {
  squareStartPointX: number = 75;
  squareStartPointY: number = 25;
  squareWidth: number = 150;
  squareEndTranslateX: number = 50;
  squareEndTranslateY: number = 50;
  @State pointVec1: PointVector = new PointVector([
    [this.squareStartPointX, this.squareStartPointY],
    [this.squareStartPointX + this.squareWidth, this.squareStartPointY],
    [this.squareStartPointX + this.squareWidth, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareWidth],
    [this.squareStartPointX, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareWidth]
  ]);
  @State pointVec2: PointVector = new PointVector([
    [this.squareStartPointX + this.squareEndTranslateX, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareStartPointY],
    [this.squareStartPointX + this.squareWidth + this.squareEndTranslateX,
      this.squareStartPointY + this.squareStartPointY],
    [this.squareStartPointX + this.squareWidth, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareWidth],
    [this.squareStartPointX, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareWidth]
  ]);
  @State color: Color = Color.Green;
  @State fontSize: number = 20.0;
  @State polyline1Vec: PointVector = this.pointVec1;
  @State polyline2Vec: PointVector = this.pointVec2;

  build() {
    Row() {
      Polyline()
        .width(300)
        .height(200)
        .backgroundColor("#0C000000")
        .fill('#317AF7')
        .animatablePoints(this.polyline1Vec)
        .animation({ duration: 2000, delay: 0, curve: Curve.Ease })
        .onClick(() => {

          if (this.polyline1Vec.equals(this.pointVec1)) {
            this.polyline1Vec = this.pointVec2;
          } else {
            this.polyline1Vec = this.pointVec1;
          }
        })
    }
    .width('100%').height('100%').justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
  }
}

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declare type Point = number[];

// 定义可动画属性接口的参数类型，实现AnimatableArithmetic<T>接口中加法、减法、乘法和判断相等函数

class PointClass extends Array<number> {

constructor(value: Point) {

super(value[0], value[1])

}

add(rhs: PointClass): PointClass {

let result: Point = new Array<number>() as Point;

for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

result.push(rhs[i] + this[i])

}

return new PointClass(result);

}

subtract(rhs: PointClass): PointClass {

let result: Point = new Array<number>() as Point;

for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

result.push(this[i] - rhs[i]);

}

return new PointClass(result);

}

multiply(scale: number): PointClass {

let result: Point = new Array<number>() as Point;

for (let i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

result.push(this[i] * scale)

}

return new PointClass(result);

}

// 定义可动画属性接口的参数类型，实现AnimatableArithmetic<T>接口中加法、减法、乘法和判断相等函数

// 模板T支持嵌套实现AnimatableArithmetic<T>的类型

class PointVector extends Array<PointClass> implements AnimatableArithmetic<Array<Point>> {

constructor(initialValue: Array<Point>) {

super();

if (initialValue.length) {

initialValue.forEach((p: Point) => this.push(new PointClass(p)))

}

// implement the IAnimatableArithmetic interface

plus(rhs: PointVector): PointVector {

let result = new PointVector([]);

const len = Math.min(this.length, rhs.length)

for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {

result.push(this[i].add(rhs[i]))

}

return result;

}

subtract(rhs: PointVector): PointVector {

let result = new PointVector([]);

const len = Math.min(this.length, rhs.length)

for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {

result.push(this[i].subtract(rhs[i]))

}

return result;

}

multiply(scale: number): PointVector {

let result = new PointVector([]);

for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {

result.push(this[i].multiply(scale))

}

return result;

}

equals(rhs: PointVector): boolean {

if (this.length !== rhs.length) {

return false;

}

for (let index = 0, size = this.length; index < size; ++index) {

if (this[index][0] !== rhs[index][0] || this[index][1] !== rhs[index][1]) {

return false;

}

return true;

}

// 自定义可动画属性接口

@AnimatableExtend(Polyline)

function animatablePoints(points: PointVector) {

.points(points)

}

@Entry

@Component

struct AnimatedShape {

squareStartPointX: number = 75;

squareStartPointY: number = 25;

squareWidth: number = 150;

squareEndTranslateX: number = 50;

squareEndTranslateY: number = 50;

@State pointVec1: PointVector = new PointVector([

[this.squareStartPointX, this.squareStartPointY],

[this.squareStartPointX + this.squareWidth, this.squareStartPointY],

[this.squareStartPointX + this.squareWidth, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareWidth],

[this.squareStartPointX, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareWidth]

]);

@State pointVec2: PointVector = new PointVector([

[this.squareStartPointX + this.squareEndTranslateX, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareStartPointY],

[this.squareStartPointX + this.squareWidth + this.squareEndTranslateX,

this.squareStartPointY + this.squareStartPointY],

[this.squareStartPointX + this.squareWidth, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareWidth],

[this.squareStartPointX, this.squareStartPointY + this.squareWidth]

]);

@State color: Color = Color.Green;

@State fontSize: number = 20.0;

@State polyline1Vec: PointVector = this.pointVec1;

@State polyline2Vec: PointVector = this.pointVec2;

build() {

Row() {

Polyline()

.width(300)

.height(200)

.backgroundColor("#0C000000")

.fill('#317AF7')

.animatablePoints(this.polyline1Vec)

.animation({ duration: 2000, delay: 0, curve: Curve.Ease })

.onClick(() => {

if (this.polyline1Vec.equals(this.pointVec1)) {

this.polyline1Vec = this.pointVec2;

} else {

this.polyline1Vec = this.pointVec1;

}

})

}

.width('100%').height('100%').justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

}

转场动画

出现/消失转场

单个示例

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@Entry
@Component
struct TransitionEffectDemo {
  @State isPresent: boolean = false;

  // 第一步，创建TransitionEffect
  private effect: TransitionEffect =
    // 创建默认透明度转场效果,并指定了springMotion(0.6, 0.8)曲线
  TransitionEffect.OPACITY.animation({ curve: curves.springMotion(0.6, 0.8) })
    // 通过combine方法,这里的动画参数会跟随上面的TransitionEffect，也就是springMotion(0.6, 0.8)
    .combine(TransitionEffect.scale({ x: 0, y: 0 }))
      // 添加旋转转场效果，这里的动画参数会跟随上面带animation的TransitionEffect，也就是springMotion(0.6, 0.8)
    .combine(TransitionEffect.rotate({ angle: 90 }))
      // 添加平移转场效果，这里的动画参数使用指定的springMotion()
    .combine(TransitionEffect.translate({ y: 150 }).animation({ curve: curves.springMotion() }))
      // 添加move转场效果，这里的动画参数会跟随上面的TransitionEffect，也就是springMotion()
    .combine(TransitionEffect.move(TransitionEdge.END))

  build() {
    Stack() {
      if (this.isPresent) {
        Column() {
          Text('ArkUI')
            .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
            .fontSize(20)
            .fontColor(Color.White)
        }
        .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
        .width(150)
        .height(150)
        .borderRadius(10)
        .backgroundColor(0xf56c6c)
        // 第二步：将转场效果通过transition接口设置到组件
        .transition(this.effect)
      }

      // 边框
      Column()
        .width(155)
        .height(155)
        .border({
          width: 5,
          radius: 10,
          color: Color.Black
        })

      // 第三步：新增或者删除组件触发转场，控制新增或者删除组件
      Button('Click')
        .margin({ top: 320 })
        .onClick(() => {
          this.isPresent = !this.isPresent;
        })
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('60%')
  }
}

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@Entry

@Component

struct TransitionEffectDemo {

@State isPresent: boolean = false;

// 第一步，创建TransitionEffect

private effect: TransitionEffect =

// 创建默认透明度转场效果,并指定了springMotion(0.6, 0.8)曲线

TransitionEffect.OPACITY.animation({ curve: curves.springMotion(0.6, 0.8) })

// 通过combine方法,这里的动画参数会跟随上面的TransitionEffect，也就是springMotion(0.6, 0.8)

.combine(TransitionEffect.scale({ x: 0, y: 0 }))

// 添加旋转转场效果，这里的动画参数会跟随上面带animation的TransitionEffect，也就是springMotion(0.6, 0.8)

.combine(TransitionEffect.rotate({ angle: 90 }))

// 添加平移转场效果，这里的动画参数使用指定的springMotion()

.combine(TransitionEffect.translate({ y: 150 }).animation({ curve: curves.springMotion() }))

// 添加move转场效果，这里的动画参数会跟随上面的TransitionEffect，也就是springMotion()

.combine(TransitionEffect.move(TransitionEdge.END))

build() {

Stack() {

if (this.isPresent) {

Column() {

Text('ArkUI')

.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)

.fontSize(20)

.fontColor(Color.White)

}

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.width(150)

.height(150)

.borderRadius(10)

.backgroundColor(0xf56c6c)

// 第二步：将转场效果通过transition接口设置到组件

.transition(this.effect)

}

// 边框

Column()

.width(155)

.height(155)

.border({

width: 5,

radius: 10,

color: Color.Black

})

// 第三步：新增或者删除组件触发转场，控制新增或者删除组件

Button('Click')

.margin({ top: 320 })

.onClick(() => {

this.isPresent = !this.isPresent;

})

}

.width('100%')

.height('60%')

}

多个delay示例

const ITEM_COUNTS = 9;
const ITEM_COLOR = '#ED6F21';
const INTERVAL = 30;
const DURATION = 300;

@Entry
@Component
struct Index1 {
  @State isGridShow: boolean = false;
  private dataArray: number[] = new Array(ITEM_COUNTS);

  aboutToAppear(): void {
    for (let i = 0; i < ITEM_COUNTS; i++) {
      this.dataArray[i] = i;
    }
  }

  build() {
    Stack() {
      if (this.isGridShow) {
        Grid() {
          ForEach(this.dataArray, (item: number, index: number) => {
            GridItem() {
              Stack() {
                Text((item + 1).toString())
              }
              .size({ width: 50, height: 50 })
              .backgroundColor(ITEM_COLOR)
              .transition(TransitionEffect.OPACITY
                .combine(TransitionEffect.scale({ x: 0.5, y: 0.5 }))// 对每个方格的转场添加delay，实现组件的渐次出现消失效果
                .animation({ duration: DURATION, curve: Curve.Friction, delay: INTERVAL * index }))
              .borderRadius(10)
            }
            // 消失时，如果不对方格的所有父控件添加转场效果，则方格的消失转场不会生效
            // 此处让方格的父控件在出现消失转场时一直以0.99的透明度显示，使得方格的转场效果不受影响
            .transition(TransitionEffect.opacity(0.99))
          }, (item: number) => item.toString())
        }
        .columnsTemplate('1fr 1fr 1fr')
        .rowsGap(15)
        .columnsGap(15)
        .size({ width: 180, height: 180 })
        // 消失时，如果不对方格的所有父控件添加转场效果，则方格的消失转场不会生效
        // 此处让父控件在出现消失转场时一直以0.99的透明度显示，使得方格的转场效果不受影响
        .transition(TransitionEffect.opacity(0.99))
      }
    }
    .size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })
    .onClick(() => {
      this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({
        duration: DURATION + INTERVAL * (ITEM_COUNTS - 1),
        curve: Curve.Friction
      }, () => {
        this.isGridShow = !this.isGridShow;
      })
    })
  }
}

const ITEM_COUNTS = 9;

const ITEM_COLOR = '#ED6F21';

const INTERVAL = 30;

const DURATION = 300;

@Entry

@Component

struct Index1 {

@State isGridShow: boolean = false;

private dataArray: number[] = new Array(ITEM_COUNTS);

aboutToAppear(): void {

for (let i = 0; i < ITEM_COUNTS; i++) {

this.dataArray[i] = i;

}

build() {

Stack() {

if (this.isGridShow) {

Grid() {

ForEach(this.dataArray, (item: number, index: number) => {

GridItem() {

Stack() {

Text((item + 1).toString())

}

.size({ width: 50, height: 50 })

.backgroundColor(ITEM_COLOR)

.transition(TransitionEffect.OPACITY

.combine(TransitionEffect.scale({ x: 0.5, y: 0.5 }))// 对每个方格的转场添加delay，实现组件的渐次出现消失效果

.animation({ duration: DURATION, curve: Curve.Friction, delay: INTERVAL * index }))

.borderRadius(10)

}

// 消失时，如果不对方格的所有父控件添加转场效果，则方格的消失转场不会生效

// 此处让方格的父控件在出现消失转场时一直以0.99的透明度显示，使得方格的转场效果不受影响

.transition(TransitionEffect.opacity(0.99))

}, (item: number) => item.toString())

}

.columnsTemplate('1fr 1fr 1fr')

.rowsGap(15)

.columnsGap(15)

.size({ width: 180, height: 180 })

// 消失时，如果不对方格的所有父控件添加转场效果，则方格的消失转场不会生效

// 此处让父控件在出现消失转场时一直以0.99的透明度显示，使得方格的转场效果不受影响

.transition(TransitionEffect.opacity(0.99))

}

.size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })

.onClick(() => {

this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({

duration: DURATION + INTERVAL * (ITEM_COUNTS - 1),

curve: Curve.Friction

}, () => {

this.isGridShow = !this.isGridShow;

})

}

导航转场

PageOne.ets简单代码

// PageOne.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct PageOne {
  @Provide('pathInfos') pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack()
  private listArray: string[] = ['WLAN', 'Bluetooth', 'Personal Hotpot', 'Connect & Share']

  build() {
    Column() {
      Navigation(this.pathInfos) {
        ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {
          Text(item)
            .onClick(() => {
              this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '详情页面参数')
            })
        })
      }
      .title('设置')
      .mode(NavigationMode.Auto)
    }
  }
}

@Builder
export function MyCommonPageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {
  MyCommonPage({ name, value: param })
}

@Component
export struct MyCommonPage {
  pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack()
  name: String = ''
  @State value: String = ''

  build() {
    NavDestination() {
      Column() {
        Text(`${this.name}设置页面`)
        Text(JSON.stringify(this.value))

        Button('返回')
          .onClick(() => {
            this.pathInfos.pop()
          })
      }
    }
    .title(`${this.name}`)
    .onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {
      this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack
    })
  }
}

// PageOne.ets

@Entry

@Component

struct PageOne {

@Provide('pathInfos') pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack()

private listArray: string[] = ['WLAN', 'Bluetooth', 'Personal Hotpot', 'Connect & Share']

build() {

Column() {

Navigation(this.pathInfos) {

ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {

Text(item)

.onClick(() => {

this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '详情页面参数')

})

}

.title('设置')

.mode(NavigationMode.Auto)

}

@Builder

export function MyCommonPageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {

MyCommonPage({ name, value: param })

}

@Component

export struct MyCommonPage {

pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack()

@State value: String = ''

build() {

NavDestination() {

Column() {

Text(`${this.name}设置页面`)

Text(JSON.stringify(this.value))

Button('返回')

.onClick(() => {

this.pathInfos.pop()

})

}

.title(`${this.name}`)

.onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {

this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack

})

}

PageOne.ets使用@Extend写法代码

@Entry
@Component
struct PageOne {
  @Provide('pathInfos') pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack()
  private listArray: string[] = ['WLAN', 'Bluetooth', 'Personal Hotpot', 'Connect & Share']

  build() {
    Column() {
      Navigation(this.pathInfos) {

        TextInput({ placeholder: '输入关键字搜索' })
          .inputExtend()

        List({ space: 12, initialIndex: 0 }) {
          ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                this.initialLetterBuilder(item.slice(0, 1))

                Column() {
                  Text(item)
                    .fontSize(16)
                }
                .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Center)

                Blank()

                this.rightArrowBuilder()
              }
              .listRowExtend()

            }
            .width('100%')
            .onClick(() => {
              this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '详情页面参数')
            })
          }, (item: string): string => item)
        }
        .listExtend()
      }
      .navigationExtend()
    }
    .columnExtend()
  }

  @Builder
  initialLetterBuilder(letter: string) {
    Row() {
      Text(letter)
        .fontColor(Color.White)
        .fontSize(14)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
    }
    .width(30)
    .height(30)
    .backgroundColor('#a8a8a8')
    .margin({ right: 20 })
    .borderRadius(20)
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
  }

  @Builder
  rightArrowBuilder() {
    Row()
      .width(12)
      .height(12)
      .border({
        width: { top: 2, right: 2 },
        color: 0xcccccc
      })
      .rotate({ angle: 45 })
  }
}

@Extend(Column)
function columnExtend() {
  .size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })
  .backgroundColor(0xf4f4f5)
}

@Extend(Navigation)
function navigationExtend() {
  .width('100%')
  .title('设置')
  .mode(NavigationMode.Auto)
}

@Extend(List)
function listExtend() {
  .listDirection(Axis.Vertical)
  .edgeEffect(EdgeEffect.Spring)
  .sticky(StickyStyle.Header)
  .chainAnimation(false)
  .width('100%')
}

@Extend(Row)
function listRowExtend() {
  .width('90%')
  .padding(15)
  .backgroundColor(Color.White)
  .shadow({ radius: 100, color: '#ededed' })
  .borderRadius(15)
  .alignItems(VerticalAlign.Center)
}

@Extend(TextInput)
function inputExtend() {
  .width('90%')
  .height(40)
  .margin({ bottom: 10 })
}


@Builder
export function MyCommonPageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {
  MyCommonPage({ name, value: param })
}

@Component
export struct MyCommonPage {
  pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack()
  name: String = ''
  @State value: String = ''

  build() {
    NavDestination() {
      Column() {
        Text(`${this.name}设置页面`)
          .width('100%')
          .fontSize(20)
          .fontColor(0x333333)
          .textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
          .textShadow({
            radius: 2,
            offsetX: 4,
            offsetY: 4,
            color: 0x909399
          })
          .padding({ top: 30 })

        Text(JSON.stringify(this.value))
          .width('100%')
          .fontSize(18)
          .fontColor(0x666666)
          .textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
          .padding({ top: 45 })

        Button('返回')
          .width('50%')
          .height(40)
          .margin({ top: 50 })
          .onClick(() => {
            this.pathInfos.pop()
          })
      }
      .size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })
    }
    .title(`${this.name}`)
    .onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {
      this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack
    })
  }
}

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@Entry

@Component

struct PageOne {

@Provide('pathInfos') pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack()

private listArray: string[] = ['WLAN', 'Bluetooth', 'Personal Hotpot', 'Connect & Share']

build() {

Column() {

Navigation(this.pathInfos) {

TextInput({ placeholder: '输入关键字搜索' })

.inputExtend()

List({ space: 12, initialIndex: 0 }) {

ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {

ListItem() {

Row() {

this.initialLetterBuilder(item.slice(0, 1))

Column() {

Text(item)

.fontSize(16)

}

.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Center)

Blank()

this.rightArrowBuilder()

}

.listRowExtend()

}

.width('100%')

.onClick(() => {

this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '详情页面参数')

})

}, (item: string): string => item)

}

.listExtend()

}

.navigationExtend()

}

.columnExtend()

}

@Builder

initialLetterBuilder(letter: string) {

Row() {

Text(letter)

.fontColor(Color.White)

.fontSize(14)

.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)

}

.width(30)

.height(30)

.backgroundColor('#a8a8a8')

.margin({ right: 20 })

.borderRadius(20)

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

}

@Builder

rightArrowBuilder() {

Row()

.width(12)

.height(12)

.border({

width: { top: 2, right: 2 },

color: 0xcccccc

})

.rotate({ angle: 45 })

}

@Extend(Column)

function columnExtend() {

.size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })

.backgroundColor(0xf4f4f5)

}

@Extend(Navigation)

function navigationExtend() {

.width('100%')

.title('设置')

.mode(NavigationMode.Auto)

}

@Extend(List)

function listExtend() {

.listDirection(Axis.Vertical)

.edgeEffect(EdgeEffect.Spring)

.sticky(StickyStyle.Header)

.chainAnimation(false)

.width('100%')

}

@Extend(Row)

function listRowExtend() {

.width('90%')

.padding(15)

.backgroundColor(Color.White)

.shadow({ radius: 100, color: '#ededed' })

.borderRadius(15)

.alignItems(VerticalAlign.Center)

}

@Extend(TextInput)

function inputExtend() {

.width('90%')

.height(40)

.margin({ bottom: 10 })

}

@Builder

export function MyCommonPageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {

MyCommonPage({ name, value: param })

}

@Component

export struct MyCommonPage {

pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack()

@State value: String = ''

build() {

NavDestination() {

Column() {

Text(`${this.name}设置页面`)

.width('100%')

.fontSize(20)

.fontColor(0x333333)

.textAlign(TextAlign.Center)

.textShadow({

radius: 2,

offsetX: 4,

offsetY: 4,

color: 0x909399

})

.padding({ top: 30 })

Text(JSON.stringify(this.value))

.width('100%')

.fontSize(18)

.fontColor(0x666666)

.textAlign(TextAlign.Center)

.padding({ top: 45 })

Button('返回')

.width('50%')

.height(40)

.margin({ top: 50 })

.onClick(() => {

this.pathInfos.pop()

})

}

.size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })

}

.title(`${this.name}`)

.onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {

this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack

})

}

PageOne.ets官方代码

//PageOne.ets
@Entry
@Component
struct NavigationDemo {
  @Provide('pathInfos') pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();
  private listArray: Array<string> = ['WLAN', 'Bluetooth', 'Personal Hotpot', 'Connect & Share'];

  build() {
    Column() {
      Navigation(this.pathInfos) {
        TextInput({ placeholder: '输入关键字搜索' })
          .width('90%')
          .height(40)
          .margin({ bottom: 10 })

        // 通过List定义导航的一级界面
        List({ space: 12, initialIndex: 0 }) {
          ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                Row() {
                  Text(`${item.slice(0, 1)}`)
                    .fontColor(Color.White)
                    .fontSize(14)
                    .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
                }
                .width(30)
                .height(30)
                .backgroundColor('#a8a8a8')
                .margin({ right: 20 })
                .borderRadius(20)
                .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

                Column() {
                  Text(item)
                    .fontSize(16)
                    .margin({ bottom: 5 })
                }
                .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)

                Blank()

                Row()
                  .width(12)
                  .height(12)
                  .margin({ right: 15 })
                  .border({
                    width: { top: 2, right: 2 },
                    color: 0xcccccc
                  })
                  .rotate({ angle: 45 })
              }
              .borderRadius(15)
              .shadow({ radius: 100, color: '#ededed' })
              .width('90%')
              .alignItems(VerticalAlign.Center)
              .padding({ left: 15, top: 15, bottom: 15 })
              .backgroundColor(Color.White)
            }
            .width('100%')
            .onClick(() => {
              this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '详情页面参数')//将name指定的NaviDestination页面信息入栈,传递的参数为param
            })
          }, (item: string): string => item)
        }
        .listDirection(Axis.Vertical)
        .edgeEffect(EdgeEffect.Spring)
        .sticky(StickyStyle.Header)
        .chainAnimation(false)
        .width('100%')
      }
      .width('100%')
      .mode(NavigationMode.Auto)
      .title('设置') // 设置标题文字
    }
    .size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })
    .backgroundColor(0xf4f4f5)
  }
}

//PageOne.ets

@Builder
export function MyCommonPageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {
  MyCommonPage({ name: name, value: param })
}

@Component
export struct MyCommonPage {
  pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();
  name: String = '';
  @State value: String = '';

  build() {
    NavDestination() {
      Column() {
        Text(`${this.name}设置页面`)
          .width('100%')
          .fontSize(20)
          .fontColor(0x333333)
          .textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
          .textShadow({
            radius: 2,
            offsetX: 4,
            offsetY: 4,
            color: 0x909399
          })
          .padding({ top: 30 })
        Text(`${JSON.stringify(this.value)}`)
          .width('100%')
          .fontSize(18)
          .fontColor(0x666666)
          .textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
          .padding({ top: 45 })
        Button('返回')
          .width('50%')
          .height(40)
          .margin({ top: 50 })
          .onClick(() => {
            //弹出路由栈栈顶元素，返回上个页面
            this.pathInfos.pop();
          })
      }
      .size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })
    }.title(`${this.name}`)
    .onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {
      //NavDestinationContext获取当前所在的页面栈
      this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack;
    }) 

  }
}

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//PageOne.ets

@Entry

@Component

struct NavigationDemo {

@Provide('pathInfos') pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();

private listArray: Array<string> = ['WLAN', 'Bluetooth', 'Personal Hotpot', 'Connect & Share'];

build() {

Column() {

Navigation(this.pathInfos) {

TextInput({ placeholder: '输入关键字搜索' })

.width('90%')

.height(40)

.margin({ bottom: 10 })

// 通过List定义导航的一级界面

List({ space: 12, initialIndex: 0 }) {

ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {

ListItem() {

Row() {

Text(`${item.slice(0, 1)}`)

.fontColor(Color.White)

.fontSize(14)

.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)

}

.width(30)

.height(30)

.backgroundColor('#a8a8a8')

.margin({ right: 20 })

.borderRadius(20)

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

Column() {

Text(item)

.fontSize(16)

.margin({ bottom: 5 })

}

.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)

Blank()

Row()

.width(12)

.height(12)

.margin({ right: 15 })

.border({

width: { top: 2, right: 2 },

color: 0xcccccc

})

.rotate({ angle: 45 })

}

.borderRadius(15)

.shadow({ radius: 100, color: '#ededed' })

.width('90%')

.alignItems(VerticalAlign.Center)

.padding({ left: 15, top: 15, bottom: 15 })

.backgroundColor(Color.White)

}

.width('100%')

.onClick(() => {

this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '详情页面参数')//将name指定的NaviDestination页面信息入栈,传递的参数为param

})

}, (item: string): string => item)

}

.listDirection(Axis.Vertical)

.edgeEffect(EdgeEffect.Spring)

.sticky(StickyStyle.Header)

.chainAnimation(false)

.width('100%')

}

.width('100%')

.mode(NavigationMode.Auto)

.title('设置') // 设置标题文字

}

.size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })

.backgroundColor(0xf4f4f5)

}

//PageOne.ets

@Builder

export function MyCommonPageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {

MyCommonPage({ name: name, value: param })

}

@Component

export struct MyCommonPage {

pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();

@State value: String = '';

build() {

NavDestination() {

Column() {

Text(`${this.name}设置页面`)

.width('100%')

.fontSize(20)

.fontColor(0x333333)

.textAlign(TextAlign.Center)

.textShadow({

radius: 2,

offsetX: 4,

offsetY: 4,

color: 0x909399

})

.padding({ top: 30 })

Text(`${JSON.stringify(this.value)}`)

.width('100%')

.fontSize(18)

.fontColor(0x666666)

.textAlign(TextAlign.Center)

.padding({ top: 45 })

Button('返回')

.width('50%')

.height(40)

.margin({ top: 50 })

.onClick(() => {

//弹出路由栈栈顶元素，返回上个页面

this.pathInfos.pop();

})

}

.size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })

}.title(`${this.name}`)

.onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {

//NavDestinationContext获取当前所在的页面栈

this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack;

})

}

PageTwo.ets简单代码

//PageTwo.ets
@Builder
export function MySharePageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {
  MySharePage({ name: name })
}

@Component
export struct MySharePage {
  pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();
  name: String = '';
  private listArray: Array<string> = ['Projection', 'Print', 'VPN', 'Private DNS', 'NFC'];

  build() {
    NavDestination() {
      Column() {
        ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {
          Text(item)
            .onClick(() => {
              this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '页面设置参数')
            })
        }, (item: string): string => item)

      }
    }
    .title(`${this.name}`)
    .onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {
      //NavDestinationContext获取当前所在的页面栈
      this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack;
    })
  }
}

//PageTwo.ets

@Builder

export function MySharePageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {

MySharePage({ name: name })

}

@Component

export struct MySharePage {

pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();

private listArray: Array<string> = ['Projection', 'Print', 'VPN', 'Private DNS', 'NFC'];

build() {

NavDestination() {

Column() {

ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {

Text(item)

.onClick(() => {

this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '页面设置参数')

})

}, (item: string): string => item)

}

.title(`${this.name}`)

.onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {

//NavDestinationContext获取当前所在的页面栈

this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack;

})

}

PageTwo.ets官方代码

//PageTwo.ets
@Builder
export function MySharePageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {
  MySharePage({ name: name })
}

@Component
export struct MySharePage {
  pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();
  name: String = '';
  private listArray: Array<string> = ['Projection', 'Print', 'VPN', 'Private DNS', 'NFC'];

  build() {
    NavDestination() {
      Column() {
        List({ space: 12, initialIndex: 0 }) {
          ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {
            ListItem() {
              Row() {
                Row() {
                  Text(`${item.slice(0, 1)}`)
                    .fontColor(Color.White)
                    .fontSize(14)
                    .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
                }
                .width(30)
                .height(30)
                .backgroundColor('#a8a8a8')
                .margin({ right: 20 })
                .borderRadius(20)
                .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

                Column() {
                  Text(item)
                    .fontSize(16)
                    .margin({ bottom: 5 })
                }
                .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)

                Blank()

                Row()
                  .width(12)
                  .height(12)
                  .margin({ right: 15 })
                  .border({
                    width: { top: 2, right: 2 },
                    color: 0xcccccc
                  })
                  .rotate({ angle: 45 })
              }
              .borderRadius(15)
              .shadow({ radius: 100, color: '#ededed' })
              .width('90%')
              .alignItems(VerticalAlign.Center)
              .padding({ left: 15, top: 15, bottom: 15 })
              .backgroundColor(Color.White)
            }
            .width('100%')
            .onClick(() => {
              this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '页面设置参数')
            })
          }, (item: string): string => item)
        }
        .listDirection(Axis.Vertical)
        .edgeEffect(EdgeEffect.Spring)
        .sticky(StickyStyle.Header)
        .width('100%')
      }
      .size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })
    }.title(`${this.name}`)
    .onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {
      //NavDestinationContext获取当前所在的页面栈
      this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack;
    }) 
  }
}

//PageTwo.ets

@Builder

export function MySharePageBuilder(name: string, param: string) {

MySharePage({ name: name })

}

@Component

export struct MySharePage {

pathInfos: NavPathStack = new NavPathStack();

private listArray: Array<string> = ['Projection', 'Print', 'VPN', 'Private DNS', 'NFC'];

build() {

NavDestination() {

Column() {

List({ space: 12, initialIndex: 0 }) {

ForEach(this.listArray, (item: string) => {

ListItem() {

Row() {

Text(`${item.slice(0, 1)}`)

.fontColor(Color.White)

.fontSize(14)

.fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)

}

.width(30)

.height(30)

.backgroundColor('#a8a8a8')

.margin({ right: 20 })

.borderRadius(20)

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

Column() {

Text(item)

.fontSize(16)

.margin({ bottom: 5 })

}

.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)

Blank()

Row()

.width(12)

.height(12)

.margin({ right: 15 })

.border({

width: { top: 2, right: 2 },

color: 0xcccccc

})

.rotate({ angle: 45 })

}

.borderRadius(15)

.shadow({ radius: 100, color: '#ededed' })

.width('90%')

.alignItems(VerticalAlign.Center)

.padding({ left: 15, top: 15, bottom: 15 })

.backgroundColor(Color.White)

}

.width('100%')

.onClick(() => {

this.pathInfos.pushPathByName(`${item}`, '页面设置参数')

})

}, (item: string): string => item)

}

.listDirection(Axis.Vertical)

.edgeEffect(EdgeEffect.Spring)

.sticky(StickyStyle.Header)

.width('100%')

}

.size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })

}.title(`${this.name}`)

.onReady((ctx: NavDestinationContext) => {

//NavDestinationContext获取当前所在的页面栈

this.pathInfos = ctx.pathStack;

})

}

工程配置文件module.json5中配置 {“routerMap”: “$profile:route_map”}。

route_map.json

{
  "routerMap": [
    {
      "name": "WLAN",
      "pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",
      "buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bluetooth",
      "pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",
      "buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"
    },
    {
      "name": "Personal Hotpot",
      "pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",
      "buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"
    },
    {
      "name": "Connect & Share",
      "pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageTwo.ets",
      "buildFunction": "MySharePageBuilder"
    },
    {
      "name": "Projection",
      "pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",
      "buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"
    },
    {
      "name": "Print",
      "pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",
      "buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"
    },
    {
      "name": "VPN",
      "pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",
      "buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"
    },
    {
      "name": "Private DNS",
      "pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",
      "buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"
    },
    {
      "name": "NFC",
      "pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",
      "buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"
    }
  ]
}

{

"routerMap": [

{

"name": "WLAN",

"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",

"buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"

{

"name": "Bluetooth",

"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",

"buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"

{

"name": "Personal Hotpot",

"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",

"buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"

{

"name": "Connect & Share",

"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageTwo.ets",

"buildFunction": "MySharePageBuilder"

{

"name": "Projection",

"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",

"buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"

{

"name": "Print",

"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",

"buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"

{

"name": "VPN",

"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",

"buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"

{

"name": "Private DNS",

"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",

"buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"

{

"name": "NFC",

"pageSourceFile": "src/main/ets/pages/PageOne.ets",

"buildFunction": "MyCommonPageBuilder"

}

]

}

模态转场

使用bindContentCover构建全屏模态转场效果

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI';


@Entry
@Component
struct BindContentCoverDemo {
  // 第一步：定义全屏模态转场效果bindContentCover
  // 模态转场控制变量
  @State isPresent: boolean = false;

  // 第二步：定义模态展示界面
  // 通过@Builder构建模态展示界面
  @Builder
  MyBuilder() {
    Column() {
      Button('关闭')
        .onClick(() => {
          this.isPresent = !this.isPresent;
        })
    }
    .size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
    .backgroundColor(0xf5f5f5)
    // 通过转场动画实现出现消失转场动画效果
    .transition(TransitionEffect.translate({ y: 1000 }).animation({ curve: curves.springMotion(0.6, 0.8) }))
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button('弹出全屏模态组件')
        .bindContentCover(this.isPresent, this.MyBuilder(), {
          modalTransition: ModalTransition.DEFAULT,
          onDisappear: () => {
            if (this.isPresent) {
              this.isPresent = !this.isPresent;
            }
          }
        })
        .onClick(() => {
          // 第三步：通过模态接口调起模态展示界面，通过转场动画或者共享元素动画去实现对应的动画效果
          // 改变状态变量，显示模态界面
          this.isPresent = !this.isPresent;
        })
    }
  }
}

import { curves } from '@kit.ArkUI';

@Entry

@Component

struct BindContentCoverDemo {

// 第一步：定义全屏模态转场效果bindContentCover

// 模态转场控制变量

@State isPresent: boolean = false;

// 第二步：定义模态展示界面

// 通过@Builder构建模态展示界面

@Builder

MyBuilder() {

Column() {

Button('关闭')

.onClick(() => {

this.isPresent = !this.isPresent;

})

}

.size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.backgroundColor(0xf5f5f5)

// 通过转场动画实现出现消失转场动画效果

.transition(TransitionEffect.translate({ y: 1000 }).animation({ curve: curves.springMotion(0.6, 0.8) }))

}

build() {

Column() {

Button('弹出全屏模态组件')

.bindContentCover(this.isPresent, this.MyBuilder(), {

modalTransition: ModalTransition.DEFAULT,

onDisappear: () => {

if (this.isPresent) {

this.isPresent = !this.isPresent;

}

})

.onClick(() => {

// 第三步：通过模态接口调起模态展示界面，通过转场动画或者共享元素动画去实现对应的动画效果

// 改变状态变量，显示模态界面

this.isPresent = !this.isPresent;

})

}

使用bindSheet构建半模态转场效果

@Entry
@Component
struct BindSheetDemo {
  // 半模态转场显示隐藏控制
  @State isShowSheet: boolean = false;

  // 通过@Builder构建半模态展示界面
  @Builder
  mySheet() {
    Column() {
      Text('内容')
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor(Color.White)
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button('使用bindSheet构建半模态转场效果')// 通过选定的半模态接口，绑定模态展示界面，style中包含两个参数，一个是设置半模态的高度，不设置时默认高度是Large，一个是是否显示控制条DragBar，默认是true显示控制条，通过onDisappear控制状态变量变换。
        .bindSheet(this.isShowSheet, this.mySheet(), {
          height: 300,
          dragBar: false,
          onDisappear: () => {
            this.isShowSheet = !this.isShowSheet;
          }
        })
        .onClick(() => {
          this.isShowSheet = !this.isShowSheet;
        })
    }
    .width('100%')
  }
}

@Entry

@Component

struct BindSheetDemo {

// 半模态转场显示隐藏控制

@State isShowSheet: boolean = false;

// 通过@Builder构建半模态展示界面

@Builder

mySheet() {

Column() {

Text('内容')

}

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

.backgroundColor(Color.White)

}

build() {

Column() {

Button('使用bindSheet构建半模态转场效果')// 通过选定的半模态接口，绑定模态展示界面，style中包含两个参数，一个是设置半模态的高度，不设置时默认高度是Large，一个是是否显示控制条DragBar，默认是true显示控制条，通过onDisappear控制状态变量变换。

.bindSheet(this.isShowSheet, this.mySheet(), {

height: 300,

dragBar: false,

onDisappear: () => {

this.isShowSheet = !this.isShowSheet;

}

})

.onClick(() => {

this.isShowSheet = !this.isShowSheet;

})

}

.width('100%')

}

使用bindMenu实现菜单弹出效果

class BMD {
  value: ResourceStr = ''
  action: () => void = () => {
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct BindMenuDemo {
  // 第一步: 定义一组数据用来表示菜单按钮项
  @State items: BMD[] = [
    {
      value: '菜单项1',
      action: () => {
        console.info('handle Menu1 select')
      }
    },
    {
      value: '菜单项2',
      action: () => {
        console.info('handle Menu2 select')
      }
    },
  ]

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button('click')
        .backgroundColor(0x409eff)
        .borderRadius(5)// 第二步: 通过bindMenu接口将菜单数据绑定给元素
        .bindMenu(this.items)
    }
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
    .width('100%')
    .height(437)
  }
}

class BMD {

value: ResourceStr = ''

action: () => void = () => {

}

@Entry

@Component

struct BindMenuDemo {

// 第一步: 定义一组数据用来表示菜单按钮项

@State items: BMD[] = [

{

value: '菜单项1',

action: () => {

console.info('handle Menu1 select')

}

{

value: '菜单项2',

action: () => {

console.info('handle Menu2 select')

}

]

build() {

Column() {

Button('click')

.backgroundColor(0x409eff)

.borderRadius(5)// 第二步: 通过bindMenu接口将菜单数据绑定给元素

.bindMenu(this.items)

}

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.width('100%')

.height(437)

}

使用bindContextMenu实现菜单弹出效果

@Entry
@Component
struct BindContextMenuDemo {
  // 通过@Builder构建自定义菜单项
  @Builder
  myMenu() {
    Column() {
      Text('Menu1')
        .height(40)
      Text('Menu2')
        .height(40)
    }
    .width(140)
    .backgroundColor(0xf1f1f1)
  }

  build() {
    Column() {
      Button('长按或右键点击')
        .bindContextMenu(this.myMenu, ResponseType.LongPress)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Center)
  }
}

@Entry

@Component

struct BindContextMenuDemo {

// 通过@Builder构建自定义菜单项

@Builder

myMenu() {

Column() {

Text('Menu1')

.height(40)

Text('Menu2')

.height(40)

}

.width(140)

.backgroundColor(0xf1f1f1)

}

build() {

Column() {

Button('长按或右键点击')

.bindContextMenu(this.myMenu, ResponseType.LongPress)

}

.width('100%')

.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Center)

}

使用bindPopUp实现气泡弹窗效果

@Entry
@Component
struct BindPopupDemo {
  // 第一步：定义变量控制弹窗显示
  @State customPopup: boolean = false;

  // 第二步：popup构造器定义弹框内容
  @Builder
  popupBuilder() {
    Column({ space: 2 }) {
      Row().width(64)
        .height(64)
        .backgroundColor(0x409eff)
      Text('Popup')
        .fontSize(10)
        .fontColor(Color.White)
    }
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceAround)
    .width(100)
    .height(100)
    .padding(5)
  }

  build() {
    Column() {

      Button('click')// 第四步：创建点击事件，控制弹窗显隐
        .onClick(() => {
          this.customPopup = !this.customPopup;
        })
        .backgroundColor(0xf56c6c)// 第三步：使用bindPopup接口将弹窗内容绑定给元素
        .bindPopup(this.customPopup, {
          builder: this.popupBuilder,
          placement: Placement.Top,
          maskColor: 0x33000000,
          popupColor: 0xf56c6c,
          enableArrow: true,
          onStateChange: (e) => {
            if (!e.isVisible) {
              this.customPopup = false;
            }
          }
        })
    }
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
    .width('100%')
    .height(437)
  }
}

@Entry

@Component

struct BindPopupDemo {

// 第一步：定义变量控制弹窗显示

@State customPopup: boolean = false;

// 第二步：popup构造器定义弹框内容

@Builder

popupBuilder() {

Column({ space: 2 }) {

Row().width(64)

.height(64)

.backgroundColor(0x409eff)

Text('Popup')

.fontSize(10)

.fontColor(Color.White)

}

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceAround)

.width(100)

.height(100)

.padding(5)

}

build() {

Column() {

Button('click')// 第四步：创建点击事件，控制弹窗显隐

.onClick(() => {

this.customPopup = !this.customPopup;

})

.backgroundColor(0xf56c6c)// 第三步：使用bindPopup接口将弹窗内容绑定给元素

.bindPopup(this.customPopup, {

builder: this.popupBuilder,

placement: Placement.Top,

maskColor: 0x33000000,

popupColor: 0xf56c6c,

enableArrow: true,

onStateChange: (e) => {

if (!e.isVisible) {

this.customPopup = false;

}

})

}

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.width('100%')

.height(437)

}

使用if实现模态转场

@Entry
@Component
struct ModalTransitionWithIf {
  // 第一步：定义状态变量控制页面显示
  @State isShowShare: boolean = false;

  private shareFunc(): void {
    this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({ duration: 500 }, () => {
      this.isShowShare = !this.isShowShare;
    })
  }

  build() {
    // 第二步：定义Stack布局显示当前页面和模态页面
    Stack() {
      Column() {
        Button('click').onClick(() => {
          this.shareFunc();
        })
      }
      .width('100%')
      .height('100%')

      // 第三步：在if中定义模态页面，显示在最上层，通过if控制模态页面出现消失
      if (this.isShowShare) {
        Column() {
          Button('Close')
            .onClick(() => {
              this.shareFunc();
            })
        }
        .width('100%')
        .height('100%')
        .backgroundColor(0xffffff)
        // 第四步：定义模态页面出现消失转场方式
        .transition(TransitionEffect.OPACITY
          .combine(TransitionEffect.translate({ x: '100%' }))
          .combine(TransitionEffect.scale({ x: 0.95, y: 0.95 })))
      }
    }
  }
}

@Entry

@Component

struct ModalTransitionWithIf {

// 第一步：定义状态变量控制页面显示

@State isShowShare: boolean = false;

private shareFunc(): void {

this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({ duration: 500 }, () => {

this.isShowShare = !this.isShowShare;

})

}

build() {

// 第二步：定义Stack布局显示当前页面和模态页面

Stack() {

Column() {

Button('click').onClick(() => {

this.shareFunc();

})

}

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

// 第三步：在if中定义模态页面，显示在最上层，通过if控制模态页面出现消失

if (this.isShowShare) {

Column() {

Button('Close')

.onClick(() => {

this.shareFunc();

})

}

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

.backgroundColor(0xffffff)

// 第四步：定义模态页面出现消失转场方式

.transition(TransitionEffect.OPACITY

.combine(TransitionEffect.translate({ x: '100%' }))

.combine(TransitionEffect.scale({ x: 0.95, y: 0.95 })))

}

共享元素转场

不新建容器并直接变化原容器

class PostData {
  avatar: Resource = $r('app.media.app_icon');
  name: string = '';
  message: string = '';
  images: Resource[] = [];
}

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  @State isExpand: boolean = false;
  @State @Watch('onItemClicked') selectedIndex: number = -1;
  private allPostData: PostData[] = [
    {
      avatar: $r('app.media.app_icon'),
      name: 'Alice',
      message: '天气晴朗',
      images: [$r('app.media.app_icon'), $r('app.media.app_icon')]
    },
    {
      avatar: $r('app.media.app_icon'),
      name: 'Bob',
      message: '你好世界',
      images: [$r('app.media.app_icon')]
    },
    {
      avatar: $r('app.media.app_icon'),
      name: 'Carl',
      message: '万物生长',
      images: [$r('app.media.app_icon'), $r('app.media.app_icon'), $r('app.media.app_icon')]
    }];

  private onItemClicked(): void {
    if (this.selectedIndex < 0) {
      return;
    }
    this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({
      duration: 350,
      curve: Curve.Friction
    }, () => {
      this.isExpand = !this.isExpand;
    });
  }

  build() {
    Column({ space: 20 }) {
      ForEach(this.allPostData, (postData: PostData, index: number) => {
        // 当点击了某个post后，会使其余的post消失下树
        if (!this.isExpand || this.selectedIndex === index) {
          Column() {
            Post({ data: postData, selecteIndex: this.selectedIndex, index: index })
          }
          .width('100%')
          // 对出现消失的post添加透明度转场和位移转场效果
          .transition(TransitionEffect.OPACITY
            .combine(TransitionEffect.translate({ y: index < this.selectedIndex ? -250 : 250 }))
            .animation({ duration: 350, curve: Curve.Friction }))
        }
      }, (postData: PostData, index: number) => index.toString())
    }
    .size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })
    .backgroundColor('#40808080')
  }
}

@Component
export default struct Post {
  @Link selecteIndex: number;
  @Prop data: PostData;
  @Prop index: number;
  @State itemHeight: number = 250;
  @State isExpand: boolean = false;
  @State expandImageSize: number = 100;
  @State avatarSize: number = 50;

  build() {
    Column({ space: 20 }) {
      Row({ space: 10 }) {
        Image(this.data.avatar)
          .size({ width: this.avatarSize, height: this.avatarSize })
          .borderRadius(this.avatarSize / 2)
          .clip(true)

        Text(this.data.name)
      }
      .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start)

      Text(this.data.message)

      Row({ space: 15 }) {
        ForEach(this.data.images, (imageResource: Resource, index: number) => {
          Image(imageResource)
            .size({ width: this.expandImageSize, height: this.expandImageSize })
        }, (imageResource: Resource, index: number) => index.toString())
      }

      if (this.isExpand) {
        Column() {
          Text('评论区')// 对评论区文本添加出现消失转场效果
            .transition(TransitionEffect.OPACITY
              .animation({ duration: 350, curve: Curve.Friction }))
            .padding({ top: 10 })
        }
        .transition(TransitionEffect.asymmetric(
          TransitionEffect.opacity(0.99)
            .animation({ duration: 350, curve: Curve.Friction }),
          TransitionEffect.OPACITY.animation({ duration: 0 })
        ))
        .size({ width: '100%' })
      }
    }
    .backgroundColor(Color.White)
    .size({ width: '100%', height: this.itemHeight })
    .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
    .padding({ left: 10, top: 10 })
    .onClick(() => {
      this.selecteIndex = -1;
      this.selecteIndex = this.index;
      this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({
        duration: 350,
        curve: Curve.Friction
      }, () => {
        // 对展开的post做宽高动画，并对头像尺寸和图片尺寸加动画
        this.isExpand = !this.isExpand;
        this.itemHeight = this.isExpand ? 780 : 250;
        this.avatarSize = this.isExpand ? 75 : 50;
        this.expandImageSize = (this.isExpand && this.data.images.length > 0)
          ? (360 - (this.data.images.length + 1) * 15) / this.data.images.length : 100;
      })
    })
  }
}

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class PostData {

avatar: Resource = $r('app.media.app_icon');

message: string = '';

images: Resource[] = [];

}

@Entry

@Component

struct Index {

@State isExpand: boolean = false;

@State @Watch('onItemClicked') selectedIndex: number = -1;

private allPostData: PostData[] = [

{

avatar: $r('app.media.app_icon'),

message: '天气晴朗',

images: [$r('app.media.app_icon'), $r('app.media.app_icon')]

{

avatar: $r('app.media.app_icon'),

message: '你好世界',

images: [$r('app.media.app_icon')]

{

avatar: $r('app.media.app_icon'),

message: '万物生长',

images: [$r('app.media.app_icon'), $r('app.media.app_icon'), $r('app.media.app_icon')]

}];

private onItemClicked(): void {

if (this.selectedIndex < 0) {

return;

}

this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({

duration: 350,

curve: Curve.Friction

}, () => {

this.isExpand = !this.isExpand;

});

}

build() {

Column({ space: 20 }) {

ForEach(this.allPostData, (postData: PostData, index: number) => {

// 当点击了某个post后，会使其余的post消失下树

if (!this.isExpand || this.selectedIndex === index) {

Column() {

Post({ data: postData, selecteIndex: this.selectedIndex, index: index })

}

.width('100%')

// 对出现消失的post添加透明度转场和位移转场效果

.transition(TransitionEffect.OPACITY

.combine(TransitionEffect.translate({ y: index < this.selectedIndex ? -250 : 250 }))

.animation({ duration: 350, curve: Curve.Friction }))

}

}, (postData: PostData, index: number) => index.toString())

}

.size({ width: '100%', height: '100%' })

.backgroundColor('#40808080')

}

@Component

export default struct Post {

@Link selecteIndex: number;

@Prop data: PostData;

@Prop index: number;

@State itemHeight: number = 250;

@State isExpand: boolean = false;

@State expandImageSize: number = 100;

@State avatarSize: number = 50;

build() {

Column({ space: 20 }) {

Row({ space: 10 }) {

Image(this.data.avatar)

.size({ width: this.avatarSize, height: this.avatarSize })

.borderRadius(this.avatarSize / 2)

.clip(true)

Text(this.data.name)

}

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start)

Text(this.data.message)

Row({ space: 15 }) {

ForEach(this.data.images, (imageResource: Resource, index: number) => {

Image(imageResource)

.size({ width: this.expandImageSize, height: this.expandImageSize })

}, (imageResource: Resource, index: number) => index.toString())

}

if (this.isExpand) {

Column() {

Text('评论区')// 对评论区文本添加出现消失转场效果

.transition(TransitionEffect.OPACITY

.animation({ duration: 350, curve: Curve.Friction }))

.padding({ top: 10 })

}

.transition(TransitionEffect.asymmetric(

TransitionEffect.opacity(0.99)

.animation({ duration: 350, curve: Curve.Friction }),

TransitionEffect.OPACITY.animation({ duration: 0 })

))

.size({ width: '100%' })

}

.backgroundColor(Color.White)

.size({ width: '100%', height: this.itemHeight })

.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)

.padding({ left: 10, top: 10 })

.onClick(() => {

this.selecteIndex = -1;

this.selecteIndex = this.index;

this.getUIContext()?.animateTo({

duration: 350,

curve: Curve.Friction

}, () => {

// 对展开的post做宽高动画，并对头像尺寸和图片尺寸加动画

this.isExpand = !this.isExpand;

this.itemHeight = this.isExpand ? 780 : 250;

this.avatarSize = this.isExpand ? 75 : 50;

this.expandImageSize = (this.isExpand && this.data.images.length > 0)

? (360 - (this.data.images.length + 1) * 15) / this.data.images.length : 100;

})

}

HarmonyOS装饰器：@Watch、@Observed、@ObjectLink

继续阅读 →

js按引用传递、按值传递

在 JavaScript 中，按值传递和按引用传递的概念很重要。基本类型（如数字、字符串、布尔值）是按值传递的，而对象类型（如数组、对象）是按引用传递的。

1. 按值传递（Pass by Value）

对于基本数据类型（如number、string、boolean、undefined、null、symbol），JavaScript 是按值传递的。即，在函数中传递这些类型的变量时，传递的是它们的值的副本，不会影响原始变量。

示例：

function modifyValue(x) {
  x = 10;
  console.log("Inside function:", x); // 输出 10
}

let num = 5;
modifyValue(num);
console.log("Outside function:", num); // 输出 5（未被修改）

function modifyValue(x) {

x = 10;

console.log("Inside function:", x); // 输出 10

}

let num = 5;

modifyValue(num);

console.log("Outside function:", num); // 输出 5（未被修改）

解释：在这个例子中，num 是一个基本类型（number），传递给函数 modifyValue 后，在函数内部对 x 的修改不会影响外部的 num，因为 num 的值是按值传递的（即 x 是 num 的一个副本）。

2. 按引用传递（Pass by Reference）

对于复杂数据类型（如object、array、function），JavaScript 是按引用传递的。传递的不是对象的副本，而是对象的引用，因此在函数内部修改对象的属性会影响原始对象。

示例：

function modifyObject(obj) {
  obj.name = "Alice";
  console.log("Inside function:", obj); // 输出 { name: "Alice" }
}

let person = { name: "Bob" };
modifyObject(person);
console.log("Outside function:", person); // 输出 { name: "Alice" }（被修改）

function modifyObject(obj) {

obj.name = "Alice";

console.log("Inside function:", obj); // 输出 { name: "Alice" }

}

let person = { name: "Bob" };

modifyObject(person);

console.log("Outside function:", person); // 输出 { name: "Alice" }（被修改）

解释：在这个例子中，person 是一个对象类型，传递给 modifyObject 函数时，传递的是对象的引用，因此在函数内部修改对象属性会影响到原始对象。

3. 按引用传递但不改变引用本身

虽然对象是按引用传递的，但如果你试图在函数内改变引用本身（即将它指向一个新对象），那么这种改变不会影响外部的对象引用。

示例：

function replaceObject(obj) {
  obj = { name: "Charlie" }; // 尝试用新对象替换原对象
  console.log("Inside function:", obj); // 输出 { name: "Charlie" }
}

let person = { name: "Bob" };
replaceObject(person);
console.log("Outside function:", person); // 输出 { name: "Bob" }（未被替换）

function replaceObject(obj) {

obj = { name: "Charlie" }; // 尝试用新对象替换原对象

console.log("Inside function:", obj); // 输出 { name: "Charlie" }

}

let person = { name: "Bob" };

replaceObject(person);

console.log("Outside function:", person); // 输出 { name: "Bob" }（未被替换）

解释：在这个例子中，虽然传递的是引用，但在函数内部把 obj 重新赋值为一个新对象时，改变的只是 obj 本身的引用，而不会影响外部的 person。

总结

改变引用不会影响外部对象：在函数内部将引用重新赋值时，外部对象的引用不会受影响。

按值传递：基本类型的值传递，修改不会影响原始值。

按引用传递：对象类型的引用传递，修改对象的属性会影响原始对象。

HarmonyOS：ForEach

接口描述

ForEach(
  arr: Array,
  itemGenerator: (item: any, index: number) => void,
  keyGenerator?: (item: any, index: number) => string
)

ForEach(

arr: Array,

itemGenerator: (item: any, index: number) => void,

keyGenerator?: (item: any, index: number) => string

)

示例

首次渲染

@Entry
@Component
struct Parent {
  @State simpleList: Array<string> = ['one', 'two', 'three'];

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: string) => {
          ChildItem({ item: item })
        }, (item: string) => item)
      }
      .width('100%')
      .height('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)
  }
}

@Component
struct ChildItem {
  @Prop item: string;

  build() {
    Text(this.item)
      .fontSize(50)
  }
}

@Entry

@Component

struct Parent {

@State simpleList: Array<string> = ['one', 'two', 'three'];

build() {

Row() {

Column() {

ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: string) => {

ChildItem({ item: item })

}, (item: string) => item)

}

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

}

.height('100%')

.backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)

}

@Component

struct ChildItem {

@Prop item: string;

build() {

Text(this.item)

.fontSize(50)

}

数据源存在相同值

@Entry
@Component
struct Parent {
  @State simpleList: Array<string> = ['one', 'two', 'two', 'three'];

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: string) => {
          ChildItem({ item: item })
        }, (item: string) => item)
      }
      .width('100%')
      .height('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)
  }
}

@Component
struct ChildItem {
  @Prop item: string;

  build() {
    Text(this.item)
      .fontSize(50)
  }
}

@Entry

@Component

struct Parent {

@State simpleList: Array<string> = ['one', 'two', 'two', 'three'];

build() {

Row() {

Column() {

ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: string) => {

ChildItem({ item: item })

}, (item: string) => item)

}

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

}

.height('100%')

.backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)

}

@Component

struct ChildItem {

@Prop item: string;

build() {

Text(this.item)

.fontSize(50)

}

非首次渲染

@Entry
@Component
struct Parent {
  @State simpleList: Array<string> = ['one', 'two', 'three'];

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        Text('点击修改第3个数组项的值')
          .fontSize(24)
          .fontColor(Color.Red)
          .onClick(() => {
            this.simpleList[2] = 'new three';
          })

        ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: string) => {
          ChildItem({ item: item })
            .margin({ top: 20 })
        }, (item: string) => item)
      }
      .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
      .width('100%')
      .height('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)
  }
}

@Component
struct ChildItem {
  @Prop item: string;

  build() {
    Text(this.item)
      .fontSize(30)
  }
}

@Entry

@Component

struct Parent {

@State simpleList: Array<string> = ['one', 'two', 'three'];

build() {

Row() {

Column() {

Text('点击修改第3个数组项的值')

.fontSize(24)

.fontColor(Color.Red)

.onClick(() => {

this.simpleList[2] = 'new three';

})

ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: string) => {

ChildItem({ item: item })

.margin({ top: 20 })

}, (item: string) => item)

}

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

}

.height('100%')

.backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)

}

@Component

struct ChildItem {

@Prop item: string;

build() {

Text(this.item)

.fontSize(30)

}

骨架屏

@Entry
@Component
struct ArticleList {
  @State simpleList: Array<number> = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

  build() {
    Column() {
      ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: number) => {
        ArticleSkeletonView()
          .margin({ top: 20 })
      }, (item: number) => item.toString())
    }
    .padding(20)
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

@Builder
function textArea(width: number | Resource | string = '100%', height: number | Resource | string = '100%') {
  Row()
    .width(width)
    .height(height)
    .backgroundColor('#FFF2F3F4')
}

@Component
struct ArticleSkeletonView {
  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        textArea(80, 80)
      }
      .margin({ right: 20 })

      Column() {
        textArea('60%', 20)
        textArea('50%', 20)
      }
      .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
      .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceAround)
      .height('100%')
    }
    .padding(20)
    .borderRadius(12)
    .backgroundColor('#FFECECEC')
    .height(120)
    .width('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)
  }
}

@Entry

@Component

struct ArticleList {

@State simpleList: Array<number> = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

build() {

Column() {

ForEach(this.simpleList, (item: number) => {

ArticleSkeletonView()

.margin({ top: 20 })

}, (item: number) => item.toString())

}

.padding(20)

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

}

@Builder

function textArea(width: number | Resource | string = '100%', height: number | Resource | string = '100%') {

Row()

.width(width)

.height(height)

.backgroundColor('#FFF2F3F4')

}

@Component

struct ArticleSkeletonView {

build() {

Row() {

Column() {

textArea(80, 80)

}

.margin({ right: 20 })

Column() {

textArea('60%', 20)

textArea('50%', 20)

}

.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceAround)

.height('100%')

}

.padding(20)

.borderRadius(12)

.backgroundColor('#FFECECEC')

.height(120)

.width('100%')

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)

}

数据源数组项变化

class Article {
  id: string;
  title: string;
  brief: string;

  constructor(id: string, title: string, brief: string) {
    this.id = id;
    this.title = title;
    this.brief = brief;
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct ArticleListView {
  @State isListReachEnd: boolean = false;
  @State articleList: Array<Article> = [
    new Article('001', '第1篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('002', '第2篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('003', '第3篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('004', '第4篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('005', '第5篇文章', '文章简介内容'),
    new Article('006', '第6篇文章', '文章简介内容')
  ]

  loadMoreArticles() {
    this.articleList.push(new Article('007', '加载的新文章', '文章简介内容'));
  }

  build() {
    Column({ space: 5 }) {
      List() {
        ForEach(this.articleList, (item: Article) => {
          ListItem() {
            ArticleCard({ article: item })
              .margin({ top: 20 })
          }
        }, (item: Article) => item.id)
      }
      .onReachEnd(() => {
        this.isListReachEnd = true;
      })
      .parallelGesture(
        PanGesture({ direction: PanDirection.Up, distance: 80 })
          .onActionStart(() => {
            if (this.isListReachEnd) {
              this.loadMoreArticles();
              this.isListReachEnd = false;
            }
          })
      )
      .padding(20)
      .scrollBar(BarState.Off)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
    .backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)
  }
}

@Component
struct ArticleCard {
  @Prop article: Article;

  build() {
    Row() {
      Image($r('app.media.icon'))
        .width(80)
        .height(80)
        .margin({ right: 20 })

      Column() {
        Text(this.article.title)
          .fontSize(20)
          .margin({ bottom: 8 })
        Text(this.article.brief)
          .fontSize(16)
          .fontColor(Color.Gray)
          .margin({ bottom: 8 })
      }
      .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
      .width('80%')
      .height('100%')
    }
    .padding(20)
    .borderRadius(12)
    .backgroundColor('#FFECECEC')
    .height(120)
    .width('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)
  }
}

class Article {

id: string;

title: string;

brief: string;

constructor(id: string, title: string, brief: string) {

this.id = id;

this.title = title;

this.brief = brief;

}

@Entry

@Component

struct ArticleListView {

@State isListReachEnd: boolean = false;

@State articleList: Array<Article> = [

new Article('001', '第1篇文章', '文章简介内容'),

new Article('002', '第2篇文章', '文章简介内容'),

new Article('003', '第3篇文章', '文章简介内容'),

new Article('004', '第4篇文章', '文章简介内容'),

new Article('005', '第5篇文章', '文章简介内容'),

new Article('006', '第6篇文章', '文章简介内容')

]

loadMoreArticles() {

this.articleList.push(new Article('007', '加载的新文章', '文章简介内容'));

}

build() {

Column({ space: 5 }) {

List() {

ForEach(this.articleList, (item: Article) => {

ListItem() {

ArticleCard({ article: item })

.margin({ top: 20 })

}

}, (item: Article) => item.id)

}

.onReachEnd(() => {

this.isListReachEnd = true;

})

.parallelGesture(

PanGesture({ direction: PanDirection.Up, distance: 80 })

.onActionStart(() => {

if (this.isListReachEnd) {

this.loadMoreArticles();

this.isListReachEnd = false;

}

})

)

.padding(20)

.scrollBar(BarState.Off)

}

.width('100%')

.height('100%')

.backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)

}

@Component

struct ArticleCard {

@Prop article: Article;

build() {

Row() {

Image($r('app.media.icon'))

.width(80)

.height(80)

.margin({ right: 20 })

Column() {

Text(this.article.title)

.fontSize(20)

.margin({ bottom: 8 })

Text(this.article.brief)

.fontSize(16)

.fontColor(Color.Gray)

.margin({ bottom: 8 })

}

.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)

.width('80%')

.height('100%')

}

.padding(20)

.borderRadius(12)

.backgroundColor('#FFECECEC')

.height(120)

.width('100%')

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)

}

数据源数组项子属性变化

@Observed
class Article {
  id: string;
  title: string;
  brief: string;
  isLiked: boolean;
  likesCount: number;

  constructor(id: string, title: string, brief: string, isLiked: boolean, likesCount: number) {
    this.id = id;
    this.title = title;
    this.brief = brief;
    this.isLiked = isLiked;
    this.likesCount = likesCount;
  }
}

@Entry
@Component
struct ArticleListView {
  @State articleList: Array<Article> = [
    new Article('001', '第0篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('002', '第1篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('003', '第2篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('004', '第4篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('005', '第5篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
    new Article('006', '第6篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),
  ];

  build() {
    List() {
      ForEach(this.articleList, (item: Article) => {
        ListItem() {
          ArticleCard({
            article: item
          })
            .margin({ top: 20 })
        }
      }, (item: Article) => item.id)
    }
    .padding(20)
    .scrollBar(BarState.Off)
    .backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)
  }
}

@Component
struct ArticleCard {
  @ObjectLink article: Article;

  handleLiked() {
    this.article.isLiked = !this.article.isLiked;
    this.article.likesCount = this.article.isLiked ? this.article.likesCount + 1 : this.article.likesCount - 1;
  }

  build() {
    Row() {
      Image($r('app.media.icon'))
        .width(80)
        .height(80)
        .margin({ right: 20 })

      Column() {
        Text(this.article.title)
          .fontSize(20)
          .margin({ bottom: 8 })
        Text(this.article.brief)
          .fontSize(16)
          .fontColor(Color.Gray)
          .margin({ bottom: 8 })

        Row() {
          Image(this.article.isLiked ? $r('app.media.iconLiked') : $r('app.media.iconUnLiked'))
            .width(24)
            .height(24)
            .margin({ right: 8 })
          Text(this.article.likesCount.toString())
            .fontSize(16)
        }
        .onClick(() => this.handleLiked())
        .justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)
      }
      .alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
      .width('80%')
      .height('100%')
    }
    .padding(20)
    .borderRadius(12)
    .backgroundColor('#FFECECEC')
    .height(120)
    .width('100%')
    .justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)
  }
}

@Observed

class Article {

id: string;

title: string;

brief: string;

isLiked: boolean;

likesCount: number;

constructor(id: string, title: string, brief: string, isLiked: boolean, likesCount: number) {

this.id = id;

this.title = title;

this.brief = brief;

this.isLiked = isLiked;

this.likesCount = likesCount;

}

@Entry

@Component

struct ArticleListView {

@State articleList: Array<Article> = [

new Article('001', '第0篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),

new Article('002', '第1篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),

new Article('003', '第2篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),

new Article('004', '第4篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),

new Article('005', '第5篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),

new Article('006', '第6篇文章', '文章简介内容', false, 100),

];

build() {

List() {

ForEach(this.articleList, (item: Article) => {

ListItem() {

ArticleCard({

article: item

})

.margin({ top: 20 })

}

}, (item: Article) => item.id)

}

.padding(20)

.scrollBar(BarState.Off)

.backgroundColor(0xF1F3F5)

}

@Component

struct ArticleCard {

@ObjectLink article: Article;

handleLiked() {

this.article.isLiked = !this.article.isLiked;

this.article.likesCount = this.article.isLiked ? this.article.likesCount + 1 : this.article.likesCount - 1;

}

build() {

Row() {

Image($r('app.media.icon'))

.width(80)

.height(80)

.margin({ right: 20 })

Column() {

Text(this.article.title)

.fontSize(20)

.margin({ bottom: 8 })

Text(this.article.brief)

.fontSize(16)

.fontColor(Color.Gray)

.margin({ bottom: 8 })

Row() {

Image(this.article.isLiked ? $r('app.media.iconLiked') : $r('app.media.iconUnLiked'))

.width(24)

.height(24)

.margin({ right: 8 })

Text(this.article.likesCount.toString())

.fontSize(16)

}

.onClick(() => this.handleLiked())

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Center)

}

.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)

.width('80%')

.height('100%')

}

.padding(20)

.borderRadius(12)

.backgroundColor('#FFECECEC')

.height(120)

.width('100%')

.justifyContent(FlexAlign.SpaceBetween)

}

拖拽排序

@Entry
@Component
struct ForEachSort {
  @State arr: Array<string> = [];

  build() {
    Row() {
      List() {
        ForEach(this.arr, (item: string) => {
          ListItem() {
            Text(item.toString())
              .fontSize(16)
              .textAlign(TextAlign.Center)
              .size({height: 100, width: "100%"})
          }.margin(10)
          .borderRadius(10)
          .backgroundColor("#FFFFFFFF")
        }, (item: string) => item)
          .onMove((from:number, to:number) => {
            let tmp = this.arr.splice(from, 1);
            this.arr.splice(to, 0, tmp[0])
          })
      }
      .width('100%')
      .height('100%')
      .backgroundColor("#FFDCDCDC")
    }
  }
  aboutToAppear(): void {
    for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      this.arr.push(i.toString())
    }
  }
}