HarmonyOS第一课04：UIAbility组件间交互（设备内）

文章索引

UIAbility是系统调度的最小单元。在设备内的功能模块之间跳转时，会涉及到启动特定的UIAbility，该UIAbility可以是应用内的其他UIAbility，也可以是其他应用的UIAbility（例如启动三方支付UIAbility）。

启动应用内的UIAbility

当一个应用内包含多个UIAbility时，存在应用内启动UIAbility的场景。例如在支付应用中从入口UIAbility启动收付款UIAbility。

假设应用中有两个UIAbility：EntryAbility和FuncAbility（可以在同一个Module中，也可以在不同的Module中），需要从EntryAbility的页面中启动FuncAbility。

1.代码结构

./entry/src/main/
├── ets
│   ├── entryability
│   │   ├── EntryAbility.ets
│   │   └── FuncAbilityA.ets
│   ├── entrybackupability
│   │   └── EntryBackupAbility.ets
│   └── pages
│       ├── FuncAIndex.ets
│       └── Index.ets
├── module.json5
└── resources
    ├── base
    │   ├── element
    │   │   ├── color.json
    │   │   └── string.json
    │   ├── media
    │   │   ├── background.png
    │   │   ├── foreground.png
    │   │   ├── layered_image.json
    │   │   └── startIcon.png
    │   └── profile
    │       ├── backup_config.json
    │       └── main_pages.json
    ├── en_US
    │   └── element
    │       └── string.json
    ├── rawfile
    └── zh_CN
        └── element
            └── string.json

./entry/src/main/

├── ets

│ ├── entryability

│ │ ├── EntryAbility.ets

│ │ └── FuncAbilityA.ets

│ ├── entrybackupability

│ │ └── EntryBackupAbility.ets

│ └── pages

│ ├── FuncAIndex.ets

│ └── Index.ets

├── module.json5

└── resources

├── base

│ ├── element

│ │ ├── color.json

│ │ └── string.json

│ ├── media

│ │ ├── background.png

│ │ ├── foreground.png

│ │ ├── layered_image.json

│ │ └── startIcon.png

│ └── profile

│ ├── backup_config.json

│ └── main_pages.json

├── en_US

│ └── element

│ └── string.json

├── rawfile

└── zh_CN

└── element

└── string.json

2.在页面Index.ets启动UIAbility

在EntryAbility中，通过调用startAbility()方法启动UIAbility，want为UIAbility实例启动的入口参数，其中bundleName为待启动应用的Bundle名称，abilityName为待启动的Ability名称，moduleName在待启动的UIAbility属于不同的Module时添加，parameters为自定义信息参数。示例中的context的获取方式请参见获取UIAbility的上下文信息。

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00
const TAG: string = '[Page_Index]'

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column() {
        Button('Open FuncAbility')
          .onClick(() => {
            // context为Ability对象的成员，在非Ability对象内部调用需要将Context对象传递过去
            let wantInfo: Want = {
              deviceId: '',
              bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive01',
              moduleName: 'entry',
              abilityName: 'FuncAbilityA',
              parameters: {
                info: '来自EntryAbility Index页面'
              }
            }

            // context为调用方UIAbility的UIAbilityContext
            this.context.startAbility(wantInfo).then(() => {
              hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'startAbility success.')
            }).catch((error: BusinessError) => {
              hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'startAbility failed.')
            })
          })
      }
      .width('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
  }
}

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'

import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00

const TAG: string = '[Page_Index]'

@Entry

@Component

struct Index {

private context = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext

build() {

Row() {

Column() {

Button('Open FuncAbility')

.onClick(() => {

// context为Ability对象的成员，在非Ability对象内部调用需要将Context对象传递过去

let wantInfo: Want = {

deviceId: '',

bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive01',

moduleName: 'entry',

abilityName: 'FuncAbilityA',

parameters: {

info: '来自EntryAbility Index页面'

}

// context为调用方UIAbility的UIAbilityContext

this.context.startAbility(wantInfo).then(() => {

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'startAbility success.')

}).catch((error: BusinessError) => {

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'startAbility failed.')

})

}

.width('100%')

}

.height('100%')

}

3.在FuncAbilityA.ets中接收

在FuncAbility的onCreate()或者onNewWant()生命周期回调文件中接收EntryAbility传递过来的参数。

import { AbilityConstant, UIAbility, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
import { window } from '@kit.ArkUI';

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00
const TAG: string = '[FuncAbilityA]'

export default class FuncAbilityA extends UIAbility {
  onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {
    hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', '%{public}s', 'Ability onCreate');

    // 接收调用方UIAbility传过来的参数
    let funcAbilityWant = want
    let info = funcAbilityWant.parameters?.info
    hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, info + '')
  }
  // ...
}

import { AbilityConstant, UIAbility, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';

import { window } from '@kit.ArkUI';

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00

const TAG: string = '[FuncAbilityA]'

export default class FuncAbilityA extends UIAbility {

onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {

hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', '%{public}s', 'Ability onCreate');

// 接收调用方UIAbility传过来的参数

let funcAbilityWant = want

let info = funcAbilityWant.parameters?.info

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, info + '')

}

// ...

}

说明

在被拉起的FuncAbility中，可以通过获取传递过来的want参数的parameters来获取拉起方UIAbility的PID、Bundle Name等信息。

4.在FuncAIndex中操作停止UIAbility实例

在FuncAbility业务完成之后，如需要停止当前UIAbility实例，在FuncAbility中通过调用terminateSelf()方法实现。

如需要关闭应用所有的UIAbility实例，可以调用ApplicationContext的killAllProcesses()方法实现关闭应用所有的进程。

import { common } from '@kit.AbilityKit'
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00
const TAG: string = '[Page_FuncAIndex]'

@Entry
@Component
struct FuncAIndex {
  build() {
    Row() {
      Column({ space: 20 }) {
        Button('停止当前UIAbility实例')
          .onClick(() => {
            let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext

            context.terminateSelf((err) => {
              if (err.code) {
                hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,
                  `Failed to terminate self. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)
                return
              }
            })
          })

        Button('关闭所有UIAbility实例')
          .onClick(() => {
            let applicationContext: common.ApplicationContext = getContext(this) as common.ApplicationContext

            applicationContext.killAllProcesses(err => {
              if (err) {
                hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,
                  `Failed to killAllProcesses. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)
              }
            })
          })
      }
      .width('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
  }
}

import { common } from '@kit.AbilityKit'

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00

const TAG: string = '[Page_FuncAIndex]'

@Entry

@Component

struct FuncAIndex {

build() {

Row() {

Column({ space: 20 }) {

Button('停止当前UIAbility实例')

.onClick(() => {

let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext

context.terminateSelf((err) => {

if (err.code) {

hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,

`Failed to terminate self. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)

return

}

})

Button('关闭所有UIAbility实例')

.onClick(() => {

let applicationContext: common.ApplicationContext = getContext(this) as common.ApplicationContext

applicationContext.killAllProcesses(err => {

if (err) {

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,

`Failed to killAllProcesses. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)

}

})

}

.width('100%')

}

.height('100%')

}

说明

调用terminateSelf()方法停止当前UIAbility实例时，默认会保留该实例的快照（Snapshot），即在最近任务列表中仍然能查看到该实例对应的任务。如不需要保留该实例的快照，可以在其对应UIAbility的module.json5配置文件中，将abilities标签的removeMissionAfterTerminate字段配置为true。

5.GIF演示

6.下载源码

UIAbilityComponentsInteractive01 下载

启动应用内的UIAbility并获取返回结果

在一个EntryAbility启动另外一个FuncAbility时，希望在被启动的FuncAbility完成相关业务后，能将结果返回给调用方。例如在应用中将入口功能和帐号登录功能分别设计为两个独立的UIAbility，在帐号登录UIAbility中完成登录操作后，需要将登录的结果返回给入口UIAbility。

1.Index.ets

在EntryAbility中，调用startAbilityForResult()接口启动FuncAbility，异步回调中的data用于接收FuncAbility停止自身后返回给EntryAbility的信息。示例中的context的获取方式请参见获取UIAbility的上下文信息。

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'
import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI'
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00
const TAG: string = '[Page_Index]'

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  build() {
    RelativeContainer() {
      Button("启动FuncAbility")
        .alignRules({
          center: { anchor: '__container__', align: VerticalAlign.Center },
          middle: { anchor: '__container__', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }
        })
        .onClick(() => {
          let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext
          const RESULT_CODE: number = 1001

          let want: Want = {
            deviceId: '',
            bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive02',
            moduleName: 'entry',
            abilityName: 'FuncAbility',
            parameters: {
              info: '来自EntryAbility Index页面'
            }
          }

          context.startAbilityForResult(want).then(data => {
            if (data.resultCode === RESULT_CODE) {
              // 解析被调用方UIAbility返回的信息
              let info = data.want?.parameters?.info
              hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(info) ?? '')
              if (info !== null) {
                promptAction.showToast({
                  message: JSON.stringify(info)
                })
              }
            }

            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(data.resultCode) ?? '')
          }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
            hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,
              `Failed to start ability for result. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);

          })
        })

    }
    .height('100%')
    .width('100%')
  }
}

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'

import { promptAction } from '@kit.ArkUI'

import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00

const TAG: string = '[Page_Index]'

@Entry

@Component

struct Index {

build() {

RelativeContainer() {

Button("启动FuncAbility")

.alignRules({

center: { anchor: '__container__', align: VerticalAlign.Center },

middle: { anchor: '__container__', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }

})

.onClick(() => {

let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext

const RESULT_CODE: number = 1001

let want: Want = {

deviceId: '',

bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive02',

moduleName: 'entry',

abilityName: 'FuncAbility',

parameters: {

info: '来自EntryAbility Index页面'

}

context.startAbilityForResult(want).then(data => {

if (data.resultCode === RESULT_CODE) {

// 解析被调用方UIAbility返回的信息

let info = data.want?.parameters?.info

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(info) ?? '')

if (info !== null) {

promptAction.showToast({

message: JSON.stringify(info)

})

}

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, JSON.stringify(data.resultCode) ?? '')

}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {

hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,

`Failed to start ability for result. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);

})

}

.height('100%')

.width('100%')

}

说明

FuncAbility停止自身后，EntryAbility通过startAbilityForResult()方法回调接收被FuncAbility返回的信息，RESULT_CODE需要与前面的数值保持一致。

2.FuncIndex.ets

在FuncAbility停止自身时，需要调用terminateSelfWithResult()方法，入参abilityResult为FuncAbility需要返回给EntryAbility的信息。

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00
const TAG: string = '[Page_FuncIndex]'

@Entry
@Component
struct FuncIndex {
  build() {
    RelativeContainer() {
      Button("关闭当前页")
        .alignRules({
          center: { anchor: '__container__', align: VerticalAlign.Center },
          middle: { anchor: '__container__', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }
        })
        .onClick(() => {
          let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext
          const RESULT_CODE: number = 1001

          let abilityResult: common.AbilityResult = {
            resultCode: RESULT_CODE,
            want: {
              bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive02',
              moduleName: 'entry',
              abilityName: 'EntryAbility',
              parameters: {
                info: '来自FuncIndex页面'
              }
            }
          }

          context.terminateSelfWithResult(abilityResult, err => {
            if (err.code) {
              hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,
                `Failed to terminate self with result. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)
              return
            }
          })

        })

    }
    .height('100%')
    .width('100%')
  }
}

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00

const TAG: string = '[Page_FuncIndex]'

@Entry

@Component

struct FuncIndex {

build() {

RelativeContainer() {

Button("关闭当前页")

.alignRules({

center: { anchor: '__container__', align: VerticalAlign.Center },

middle: { anchor: '__container__', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }

})

.onClick(() => {

let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext

const RESULT_CODE: number = 1001

let abilityResult: common.AbilityResult = {

resultCode: RESULT_CODE,

want: {

bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive02',

moduleName: 'entry',

abilityName: 'EntryAbility',

parameters: {

info: '来自FuncIndex页面'

}

context.terminateSelfWithResult(abilityResult, err => {

if (err.code) {

hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,

`Failed to terminate self with result. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)

return

}

})

}

.height('100%')

.width('100%')

}

3.module.json5

{
  "module": {
    "name": "entry",
    "type": "entry",
    "description": "$string:module_desc",
    "mainElement": "EntryAbility",
    "deviceTypes": [
      "phone",
      "tablet",
      "2in1"
    ],
    "deliveryWithInstall": true,
    "installationFree": false,
    "pages": "$profile:main_pages",
    "abilities": [
      {
        "name": "EntryAbility",
        "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ets",
        "description": "$string:EntryAbility_desc",
        "icon": "$media:layered_image",
        "label": "$string:EntryAbility_label",
        "startWindowIcon": "$media:startIcon",
        "startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background",
        "exported": true,
        "skills": [
          {
            "entities": [
              "entity.system.home"
            ],
            "actions": [
              "action.system.home"
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "launchType": "specified",
        "removeMissionAfterTerminate": true,
        "name": "FuncAbility",
        "srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/FuncAbility.ets",
        "description": "$string:FuncAbility_desc",
        "icon": "$media:layered_image",
        "label": "$string:FuncAbility_label",
        "startWindowIcon": "$media:startIcon",
        "startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background",
        "exported": true,
        "skills": [
          {
            "entities": [
              "entity.system.home"
            ],
            "actions": [
              "action.system.home"
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "extensionAbilities": [
      {
        "name": "EntryBackupAbility",
        "srcEntry": "./ets/entrybackupability/EntryBackupAbility.ets",
        "type": "backup",
        "exported": false,
        "metadata": [
          {
            "name": "ohos.extension.backup",
            "resource": "$profile:backup_config"
          }
        ],
      }
    ]
  }
}

{

"module": {

"name": "entry",

"type": "entry",

"description": "$string:module_desc",

"mainElement": "EntryAbility",

"deviceTypes": [

"phone",

"tablet",

"2in1"

"deliveryWithInstall": true,

"installationFree": false,

"pages": "$profile:main_pages",

"abilities": [

{

"name": "EntryAbility",

"srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/EntryAbility.ets",

"description": "$string:EntryAbility_desc",

"icon": "$media:layered_image",

"label": "$string:EntryAbility_label",

"startWindowIcon": "$media:startIcon",

"startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background",

"exported": true,

"skills": [

{

"entities": [

"entity.system.home"

"actions": [

"action.system.home"

]

}

]

{

"launchType": "specified",

"removeMissionAfterTerminate": true,

"name": "FuncAbility",

"srcEntry": "./ets/entryability/FuncAbility.ets",

"description": "$string:FuncAbility_desc",

"icon": "$media:layered_image",

"label": "$string:FuncAbility_label",

"startWindowIcon": "$media:startIcon",

"startWindowBackground": "$color:start_window_background",

"exported": true,

"skills": [

{

"entities": [

"entity.system.home"

"actions": [

"action.system.home"

]

}

]

}

"extensionAbilities": [

{

"name": "EntryBackupAbility",

"srcEntry": "./ets/entrybackupability/EntryBackupAbility.ets",

"type": "backup",

"exported": false,

"metadata": [

{

"name": "ohos.extension.backup",

"resource": "$profile:backup_config"

}

]

}

4.GIF演示

5.下载源码

UIAbilityComponentsInteractive02 下载

启动其他应用的UIAbility

启动其他应用的UIAbility，通常用户只需要完成一个通用的操作（例如需要选择一个文档应用来查看某个文档的内容信息），推荐使用隐式Want启动。系统会根据调用方的want参数来识别和启动匹配到的应用UIAbility。

启动UIAbility有显式Want启动和隐式Want启动两种方式。

显式Want启动：启动一个确定应用的UIAbility，在want参数中需要设置该应用bundleName和abilityName，当需要拉起某个明确的UIAbility时，通常使用显式Want启动方式。

隐式Want启动：根据匹配条件由用户选择启动哪一个UIAbility，即不明确指出要启动哪一个UIAbility（abilityName参数未设置），在调用startAbility()方法时，其入参want中指定了一系列的entities字段（表示目标UIAbility额外的类别信息，如浏览器、视频播放器）和actions字段（表示要执行的通用操作，如查看、分享、应用详情等）等参数信息，然后由系统去分析want，并帮助找到合适的UIAbility来启动。当需要拉起其他应用的UIAbility时，开发者通常不知道用户设备中应用的安装情况，也无法确定目标应用的bundleName和abilityName，通常使用隐式Want启动方式。

1.配置待匹配应用

将多个待匹配的文档应用安装到设备，在其对应UIAbility的module.json5配置文件中，配置skills标签的entities字段和actions字段。

{
  "module": {
    "abilities": [
      {
        ...
        "skills": [
          {
            "entities": [
              ...
              "entity.system.default"
            ],
            "actions": [
              ...
              "ohos.want.action.viewData"
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

{

"module": {

"abilities": [

{

...

"skills": [

{

"entities": [

...

"entity.system.default"

"actions": [

...

"ohos.want.action.viewData"

]

}

]

}

]

}

2.配置调用方页面

在调用方want参数中的entities和action需要被包含在待匹配UIAbility的skills配置的entities和actions中。系统匹配到符合entities和actions参数条件的UIAbility后，会弹出选择框展示匹配到的UIAbility实例列表供用户选择使用。示例中的context的获取方式请参见获取UIAbility的上下文信息。

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00
const TAG: string = '[Page_Interactive03Index]'

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {

  build() {
    RelativeContainer() {
      Button("启动其他应用的UIAbility")
        .alignRules({
          center: { anchor: '__container__', align: VerticalAlign.Center },
          middle: { anchor: '__container__', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }
        })
        .onClick(() => {
          let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext
          let want: Want = {
            deviceId: '', // deviceId为空表示本设备
            // uncomment line below if wish to implicitly query only in the specific bundle.
            // bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive031',
            action: 'ohos.want.action.viewData',
            // entities can be omitted.
            entities: ['entity.system.default']
          }

          context.startAbility(want).then(() => {
            hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'Succeeded in starting FuncAbility.')
          }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
            hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to start FuncAbility. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)
          })
        })
    }
    .height('100%')
    .width('100%')
  }
}

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'

import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00

const TAG: string = '[Page_Interactive03Index]'

@Entry

@Component

struct Index {

build() {

RelativeContainer() {

Button("启动其他应用的UIAbility")

.alignRules({

center: { anchor: '__container__', align: VerticalAlign.Center },

middle: { anchor: '__container__', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }

})

.onClick(() => {

let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext

let want: Want = {

deviceId: '', // deviceId为空表示本设备

// uncomment line below if wish to implicitly query only in the specific bundle.

// bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive031',

action: 'ohos.want.action.viewData',

// entities can be omitted.

entities: ['entity.system.default']

}

context.startAbility(want).then(() => {

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'Succeeded in starting FuncAbility.')

}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {

hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to start FuncAbility. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)

})

}

.height('100%')

.width('100%')

}

3.GIF演示

4.下载源码

UIAbilityComponentsInteractive03 下载

启动其他应用的UIAbility并获取返回结果

同启动应用内的UIAbility并获取返回结果

启动UIAbility的指定页面

概述

一个UIAbility可以对应多个页面，在不同的场景下启动该UIAbility时需要展示不同的页面，例如从一个UIAbility的页面中跳转到另外一个UIAbility时，希望启动目标UIAbility的指定页面。

UIAbility的启动分为两种情况：UIAbility冷启动和UIAbility热启动。

UIAbility冷启动：指的是UIAbility实例处于完全关闭状态下被启动，这需要完整地加载和初始化UIAbility实例的代码、资源等。
UIAbility热启动：指的是UIAbility实例已经启动并在前台运行过，由于某些原因切换到后台，再次启动该UIAbility实例，这种情况下可以快速恢复UIAbility实例的状态。

调用方UIAbility指定启动页面

调用方UIAbility启动另外一个UIAbility时，通常需要跳转到指定的页面。例如FuncAbility包含两个页面（Index对应首页，Second对应功能A页面），此时需要在传入的want参数中配置指定的页面路径信息，可以通过want中的parameters参数增加一个自定义参数传递页面跳转信息。示例中的context的获取方式请参见获取UIAbility的上下文信息。

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00
const TAG: string = '[Page_Interactive04Index]'

@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  @State message: string = 'Hello World';

  build() {
    Row() {
      Column({ space: 10 }) {
        Text('UIAbility Components Interactive04')
        
        Button("调用方UIAbility指定启动页面")
          .alignRules({
            center: { anchor: '__container__', align: VerticalAlign.Center },
            middle: { anchor: '__container__', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }
          })
          .onClick(() => {
            let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext
            let want: Want = {
              deviceId: '',
              bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive04',
              moduleName: 'entry',
              abilityName: 'FuncAbility',
              parameters: {
                router: 'funcA'
              }
            }

            context.startAbility(want).then(() => {
              hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'Succeeded in starting FuncAbility.')
            }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
              hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,
                `Failed to start FuncAbility. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)
            })
          })

      }
      .width('100%')
    }
    .height('100%')
  }
}

import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'

import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit'

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00

const TAG: string = '[Page_Interactive04Index]'

@Entry

@Component

struct Index {

@State message: string = 'Hello World';

build() {

Row() {

Column({ space: 10 }) {

Text('UIAbility Components Interactive04')

Button("调用方UIAbility指定启动页面")

.alignRules({

center: { anchor: '__container__', align: VerticalAlign.Center },

middle: { anchor: '__container__', align: HorizontalAlign.Center }

})

.onClick(() => {

let context: common.UIAbilityContext = getContext(this) as common.UIAbilityContext

let want: Want = {

deviceId: '',

bundleName: 'com.example.uiabilitycomponentsinteractive04',

moduleName: 'entry',

abilityName: 'FuncAbility',

parameters: {

router: 'funcA'

}

context.startAbility(want).then(() => {

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'Succeeded in starting FuncAbility.')

}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {

hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG,

`Failed to start FuncAbility. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`)

})

}

.width('100%')

}

.height('100%')

}

目标UIAbility冷启动

目标UIAbility冷启动时，在目标UIAbility的onCreate()生命周期回调中，接收调用方传过来的参数。然后在目标UIAbility的onWindowStageCreate()生命周期回调中，解析EntryAbility传递过来的want参数，获取到需要加载的页面信息url，传入windowStage.loadContent()方法。

import { AbilityConstant, UIAbility, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
import { window } from '@kit.ArkUI';


export default class FuncAbility extends UIAbility {
  funcAbilityWant: Want | undefined = undefined;

  onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {
    this.funcAbilityWant = want
  }

  onDestroy(): void {
  }

  onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {

    let url = 'pages/Index';
    if (this.funcAbilityWant?.parameters?.router && this.funcAbilityWant.parameters.router === 'funcA') {
      url = 'pages/Page_ColdStartUp';
    }

    windowStage.loadContent(url, (err) => {
      if (err.code) {
        hilog.error(0x0000, 'testTag', 'Failed to load the content. Cause: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(err) ?? '');
        return;
      }
      hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'Succeeded in loading the content.');
    });
  }
}

import { AbilityConstant, UIAbility, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';

import { window } from '@kit.ArkUI';

export default class FuncAbility extends UIAbility {

funcAbilityWant: Want | undefined = undefined;

onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {

this.funcAbilityWant = want

}

onDestroy(): void {

}

onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {

let url = 'pages/Index';

if (this.funcAbilityWant?.parameters?.router && this.funcAbilityWant.parameters.router === 'funcA') {

url = 'pages/Page_ColdStartUp';

}

windowStage.loadContent(url, (err) => {

if (err.code) {

hilog.error(0x0000, 'testTag', 'Failed to load the content. Cause: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(err) ?? '');

return;

}

hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', 'Succeeded in loading the content.');

});

}

目标UIAbility热启动

在应用开发中，会遇到目标UIAbility实例之前已经启动过的场景，这时再次启动目标UIAbility时，不会重新走初始化逻辑，只会直接触发onNewWant()生命周期方法。为了实现跳转到指定页面，需要在onNewWant()中解析参数进行处理。

冷启动短信应用的UIAbility实例时，在onWindowStageCreate()生命周期回调中，通过调用getUIContext()接口获取UI上下文实例UIContext对象。

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
import { Want, UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { window, UIContext } from '@kit.ArkUI';

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
const TAG: string = '[EntryAbility]';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
  funcAbilityWant: Want | undefined = undefined;
  uiContext: UIContext | undefined = undefined;

  // ...

  onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {
    // Main window is created, set main page for this ability
    hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, '%{public}s', 'Ability onWindowStageCreate');
    let url = 'pages/Index';
    if (this.funcAbilityWant?.parameters?.router && this.funcAbilityWant.parameters.router === 'funcA') {
      url = 'pages/Page_ColdStartUp';
    }

    windowStage.loadContent(url, (err, data) => {
      if (err.code) {
        return;
      }

      let windowClass: window.Window;
      windowStage.getMainWindow((err, data) => {
        if (err.code) {
          hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to obtain the main window. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
          return;
        }
        windowClass = data;
        this.uiContext = windowClass.getUIContext();
      });
      hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'Succeeded in loading the content. Data: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(data) ?? '');
    });
  }
}

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';

import { Want, UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';

import { window, UIContext } from '@kit.ArkUI';

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;

const TAG: string = '[EntryAbility]';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {

funcAbilityWant: Want | undefined = undefined;

uiContext: UIContext | undefined = undefined;

// ...

onWindowStageCreate(windowStage: window.WindowStage): void {

// Main window is created, set main page for this ability

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, '%{public}s', 'Ability onWindowStageCreate');

let url = 'pages/Index';

if (this.funcAbilityWant?.parameters?.router && this.funcAbilityWant.parameters.router === 'funcA') {

url = 'pages/Page_ColdStartUp';

}

windowStage.loadContent(url, (err, data) => {

if (err.code) {

return;

}

let windowClass: window.Window;

windowStage.getMainWindow((err, data) => {

if (err.code) {

hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to obtain the main window. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);

return;

}

windowClass = data;

this.uiContext = windowClass.getUIContext();

});

hilog.info(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, 'Succeeded in loading the content. Data: %{public}s', JSON.stringify(data) ?? '');

});

}

在短信应用UIAbility的onNewWant()回调中解析调用方传递过来的want参数，通过调用UIContext中的getRouter()方法获取Router对象，并进行指定页面的跳转。此时再次启动该短信应用的UIAbility实例时，即可跳转到该短信应用的UIAbility实例的指定页面。

import { AbilityConstant, Want, UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';
import type { Router, UIContext } from '@kit.ArkUI';
import type { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;
const TAG: string = '[EntryAbility]';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
  funcAbilityWant: Want | undefined = undefined;
  uiContext: UIContext | undefined = undefined;

  onNewWant(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {
    if (want?.parameters?.router && want.parameters.router === 'funcA') {
      let funcAUrl = 'pages/Page_HotStartUp';
      if (this.uiContext) {
        let router: Router = this.uiContext.getRouter();
        router.pushUrl({
          url: funcAUrl
        }).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
          hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to push url. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);
        });
      }
    }
  }
  // ...
}

import { AbilityConstant, Want, UIAbility } from '@kit.AbilityKit';

import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit';

import type { Router, UIContext } from '@kit.ArkUI';

import type { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';

const DOMAIN_NUMBER: number = 0xFF00;

const TAG: string = '[EntryAbility]';

export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {

funcAbilityWant: Want | undefined = undefined;

uiContext: UIContext | undefined = undefined;

onNewWant(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {

if (want?.parameters?.router && want.parameters.router === 'funcA') {

let funcAUrl = 'pages/Page_HotStartUp';

if (this.uiContext) {

let router: Router = this.uiContext.getRouter();

router.pushUrl({

url: funcAUrl

}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {

hilog.error(DOMAIN_NUMBER, TAG, `Failed to push url. Code is ${err.code}, message is ${err.message}`);

});

}

// ...

}

GIF演示

下载源码

UIAbilityComponentsInteractive04 下载